Question

What is the hybridization of sb in the molecule sbcl52–? antimony (sb) can accept up to twelve electrons?

Answer 1

The valence electron configuration for antimony (Sb) is:

Sb = 5s²5p³5d⁰

In SbCl₅²⁻, antimony has a -2 charge i.e. it has 2 additional electrons

Sb²⁻ = 5s²5p⁵5d⁰

Following a two electron transition from p→d orbital we have:

Sb²⁻ = 5s²5p³5d²

There is a total of 5 unpaired electrons (3 in the p and 2 in the d) which can form five bonds with the 5 Cl atoms.

Thus the hybridisation of Sb in SbCl₅²⁻ is sp³d²

Answer 2

The hybridization of ${\text{SbCl}}_5^{2 - }$ is $\boxed{{\text{s}}{{\text{p}}^3}{{\text{d}}^2}}$. Antimony (Sb) can accept 12 electrons.

Further Explanation:

Prediction of hybridization:

The hybridization can be determined by calculating the number of hybrid orbitals (X) which is formed by the atom. The formula to calculate the number of hybrid orbitals (X) is as follows:

$\boxed{{\text{X = }}\frac{1}{2}\left[ {{\text{VE}} + {\text{MA}} - c + a} \right]}$

Where,

• VE is a total number of valence electrons of the central atom.
• MA is total number of monovalent atoms/groups surrounding the central atom.
• c is the charge on the cation if the given species is a polyatomic cation.
• a is the charge on the anion if the given species is a polyatomic anion.

Note: In MA only monovalent species should be considered and for divalent atoms or groups MA is equal to zero.

Generally, the least electronegative atom is considered as the central atom. Calculate the hybridization as follows:

1. If the value of X is 2 then it means two hybrid orbitals are to be formed and thus the hybridization is sp.

2. If the value of X is 3 then it means three hybrid orbitals are to be formed and thus the hybridization is $s{p^2}$.

3. If the value of X is 4 then it means four hybrid orbitals are to be formed and thus the hybridization is $s{p^3}$.

4. If the value of X is 5 then it means five hybrid orbitals are to be formed and thus the hybridization is $s{p^3}d$.

5. If the value of X is 6 then it means six hybrid orbitals are to be formed and thus the hybridization is $s{p^3}{d^2}$.

The ground state electronic configuration for antimony (Sb) is $\left[ {{\text{Kr}}} \right]{\text{ }}4{d^{10}}5{s^2}5{p^3}$

Therefore, the valence electrons associated with antimony (Sb) atom are 5.

Since chlorine is a monovalent atom thus the total number of monovalent atoms surrounding the central atom (MA) is 5.  

Since the molecule is an anionic species and has -2 charge thus the value of a is 2.

Substitute these values in the above formula.

$\begin{aligned}{\text{X}}&=\frac{1}{2}\left[{{\text{VE}}+{\text{MA}}-c+a}\right]\\&=\frac{1}{2}\left[{{\text{5}}+{\text{5}}-0+2}\right]\\&=\frac{1}{2}\left[{12}\right]\\&=\boxed6\\\end{aligned}$

Since the value of X is 6, it means 6 hybrid orbitals are to be formed and therefore the hybridization of ${\mathbf{SbCl}}_{\mathbf{5}}^{{\mathbf{2}} - }$ is ${\mathbf{s}}{{\mathbf{p}}^{\mathbf{3}}}{{\mathbf{d}}^{\mathbf{2}}}$.

The formula to calculate total number of valence electrons of ${\mathbf{SbCl}}_{\mathbf{5}}^{{\mathbf{2}} - }$ is as follows:

Total valence electrons= [(1) (Valence electrons of Sb) + (5) (Valence electrons of Cl) + Negative charge]

$\begin{aligned} {\text{Total valence electrons}}\left({{\text{TVE}}}\right)&=\left[{\left({\text{1}}\right)\left({\text{5}}\right)+\left({\text{5}}\right)\left({\text{7}}\right)+\left(2\right)}\right]\\&=42\\\end{aligned}$

According to the Lewis structure of ${\text{SbCl}}_{\text{5}}^{2 - }$ ( refer to the image attached) central atom, Sb has an expanded valence shell in which 12 electrons are present. Therefore, Antimony (Sb) can accept 12 electrons.

Learn more:

1. Molecular shape around the central atoms in the amino acid glycine: brainly.com/question/4341225

2. Component of John Dalton’s atomic theory:brainly.com/question/2357175

Answer details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Covalent bonding and molecular structure

Keywords: Hybridization, antimony, geometry, sp3d2, steric number, 6,d orbital, SbCl52-, Lewis structure, hybridization of SbCl52-, central atom, chlorine, shape, d2sp3, total valence charge.