The molecule that is nonpolar is CO2
The Cell Membrane.
The Cell Membrane wraps around the entire cell and only allows certain things to pass through, blocking out potentially harmful things from the organelles within the cell.
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Since acetic acid or vinegar boils sooner than water and vinegar and water are highly miscible, we cant separate the two by filtration but one way is to use their volatilities. We can boil the solution at 100oC and thats the time, water remains in the container.
The structure of compound A would be solid that is dense enough for antimicrobial form