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3 years ago

State three properties of any visible object in the universe that one can determine by spectroscopy

Physics

1 answer:

mihalych1998 [28]3 years ago

3 0

Answer:

1. Temperature.

2. Velocity.

3. Chemical composition.

Explanation:

<em>1. Temperature.</em>

The effective temperature can be known by means of the Wien's displacement law

$T = \frac{2.898x10^{-3} m. K}{\lambda max}$ (1)

Therefore, ( $\lambda_{max}$ ) is the maximum peak of emission in the continuum of the spectrum of the object (see the image below) and T is the temperature.

<em>2. Velocity.</em>

Spectral lines will be shifted to the blue part of the spectrum if the source of the observed light is moving toward the observer, or to the red part of the spectrum when is moving away from the observer (that is known as the Doppler effect).

Then, by using that shift in the spectral lines the velocity of the source can be determined.

$v = c\frac{\Delta \lambda}{\lambda_{0}}$ (2)

Where $\Delta \lambda$ is the wavelength shift, $\lambda_{0}$ is the wavelength at rest, v is the velocity of the source and c is the speed of light.

3. <em>Chemical composition.</em>

The absorption lines and emission lines give information of the chemical composition of the source, since those lines are produced when a photon coming from the source is absorbed by an electron (of an atom in the same source) and goes to a higher state, then when the electron comes back to a lower state it will emit a photon with the same energy of the difference between the two states. If the photon does not follow the same direction of the incident photon an absorption line will be created in the spectrum of the source.

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A ball of mass 4.5 kg moving with speed of 2.2 m/s in the +x-direction hits a wall and bounces back with the same speed in the x

Levart [38]

Answer:

The change of the momentum of the ball is $-19.8\, \frac{mkg}{s}$

Explanation:

We should find $\varDelta\overrightarrow{p}=\overrightarrow{p_{f}}-\overrightarrow{p_{i}}$ (1)with $\overrightarrow{p_{i}}$ the initial momentum and $\overrightarrow{p_{f}}$ the final momentum. Linear momentum is defined as $\overrightarrow{p}=m\overrightarrow{v}$ , using that on (1):

$\varDelta\overrightarrow{p}=m \overrightarrow{v_{f}}-m \overrightarrow{v_{i}}$ (2)

It's important to note that momentum and velocity are vectors and direction matters, so if +x direction is the direction towards the wall and the -x direction away the wall $\overrightarrow{v_{i}}=+2.2\, \frac{m}{s}$ and $\overrightarrow{v_{f}}=-2.2\, \frac{m}{s}$ so (2) becomes:

$\varDelta\overrightarrow{p}=m(-2.2- (+2.2))=-(4.5)(4.4)$

$\varDelta\overrightarrow{p}=-19.8\, \frac{mkg}{s}$

8 0

2 years ago

Which of the following is the best definition of an element?

Ostrovityanka [42]

Answer:

A. chemical substance whose atoms all have the same number of protons

Explanation:

An element is a substance which contains identical atoms that have the same number of protons in the nucleus.

Elements are arranged in the periodic table according to their atomic number (= number of protons): so atoms of different elements have a different number of protons in their nuclei.

For a neutral atom, the number of electrons around the nucleus is also equal to the number of protons.

Moreover, atoms of the same element can have a different number of neutrons, despite having the same number of protons - these atoms are called isotopes.

8 0

2 years ago

An object with total mass mtotal = 14.6 kg is sitting at rest when it explodes into three pieces. One piece with mass m1 = 4.9 k

zheka24 [161]

Answer: 1) 0. 2) 4.2 Kg. 3) 15.4 m/s 4) 12.9 m/s 5) 0. 6) 3.62 KJ.

Explanation:

1) Assuming that no external forces act during the collision, total momentum must be conserved. As initially the total mass was at rest, so initial momentum is zero, final momentum of all the system must be 0 also.

2) After the explosion, as mass must be conserved also, the sum of the masses of the three pieces must be equal to the original total mass, so we can write the following:

m₁ + m₂ + m₃ = M = 14.6 Kg = 4.9 Kg + 5.5 Kg + m₃

Solving for m₃, we have:

m₃ = 14.6 Kg - 4.9 Kg -5.5 Kg = 4.2 Kg.

3) and 4)

As momentum is a vector, if it is magnitude must be 0, this means that all his components must be 0 too.

So, we can write two equations, one for the x-component, and other for the y-component, as follows:

pₓ = m₁. v₁ₓ + m₂.v₂ₓ + m₃.v₃ₓ = 0

py = m₁.v₁y + m₂. v₂y + m₃. v₃y =0

Replacing by the values, and solving for v₃ₓ and v₃y, we get:

v₃ₓ = 15.4 m/s

v₃y = 12.9 m/s

v = √(15.4)²+(12.9)² = 20.1 m/s

5) As the center of mass must move as if all the mass were concentrated in this point, and we know that the total momentum must be 0, this tells us that the magnitude of the velocity of the center of mass must be 0 too.

6) As initial kinetic energy is 0, as the mass was at rest, the increase in the kinetic energy is obtained simply adding the kinetic energy of every piece of mass gained after explosion, as follows:

K = K₁ + K₂ + K₃ = 1/2 (m₁ . v₁² + m₂.v₂² + m₃.v₃²)

Replacing by the values, we get:

K= 3.62 KJ

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2 years ago

a goalkeeper catches a 491 g soccer ball traveling horizontally at 29.4 m/s. if it took 2,218 n of force to stop the ball, how m

yarga [219]

The ball will take 2.551 seconds to reach its peak position.

We must know how long the balls are in the air before we can predict where they will fall. It will take 2 seconds for both balls to touch the ground.

<h3>How quickly does a ball drop?</h3>

The falling ball travels a distance of d = 12 9.8 (m/s2) t2, with a speed of v = 9.8 (m/s2) t as a function of time. The ball travels 4.9 m in a second. The falling ball's velocity is v = -9.8 (m/s2) t j, and its position is r = (4.9 m - 12 9.8 (m/s2) t2) j as a function of time.

To know more about balls visit:-

brainly.com/question/19930452

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6 0

2 months ago

Is the color spectrum simply a small segment of the electromagnetic spectrum?

ch4aika [34]

Answer:

yup, u r correct

Explanation:

3 0

2 years ago