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ser-zykov [4K]
3 years ago
13

Explain two advantages and disadvantages of using energy created by nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.

Chemistry
1 answer:
alisha [4.7K]3 years ago
3 0
A. NUCLEAR FUSION  is the combination of two atomic nuclei in order to create an atom that in turn creates energy.

A.1 DISADVANTAGES

1. Expensive Construction Costs-
To be able to put up such powerhouse, it needs ostentatious financial support to create a facility and gather experts and scientists.

2. Energy Input vs Energy Output- 
To be able to fuse the two nuclei together, there is a great demand for high levels of heat. Thus to be able to produce large amount of energy, it also needs a large amount of thermal energy which is not reasonable enough.

A.2 ADVANTAGES

1. Barely Any Waste- 
the only by product of nuclear fusion is helium and it is non toxic. This does not cause any harm to the environment and to people.

2. Unlimited Fuel- 
All of the components needed to produce energy can be made. Deuterium, which is the main ingredient needed to supply a truly unlimited and sustainable energy supply, can be distilled from the sea water.


B. NUCLEAR FISSION- refers to the process of splitting of the nucleus of an atom into several smaller particles to produce free neutrons and lighter elements.

B.1 DISADVANTAGES

1. It can be dangerous for employees- 
Radiation which is one of the byproducts of nuclear fission can be harmful to the personnel working within its premises.

2. It has high initial expenses- 
Nuclear power plants needs a specialized equipment for it to become functional. 

B.2 ADVANTAGES


1. It helps minimize environmental pollution- 
Nuclear power plants can produce large amounts of energy while consuming relatively minimal amount of fossil fuel. To explain further, consumption and usage of fossil fuel poses adverse effect in the environment because it can emit carbon dioxide and other harmful chemicals.

2. It helps reduce global warming- If the world would opt for nuclear fission, then there would be less greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere. This in turn would mitigate global warming.
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pantera1 [17]
The nuclides 16O8 and 15O8 differs in their atomic weight. 16O8 has an atomic weight of 16 amu while 15O8 has an atomic weight of 15 amu. They also differ in the amount of neutrons, 16O8 has 8 protons and 8 neutrons (16 - 8) while 15O8 only has 7 neutrons (15 - 8 protons). <span />
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3 years ago
An alkaline battery produces electrical energy according to the following equation.
Gnesinka [82]

Answer:

Part a: limiting reactant MnO₂

Part b: 12.43 g of Zn(OH)₂

Explanation:

Part a

Data given:

mass of Zn = 37.0 g

mass of MnO₂ = 21.5 g

Limiting reactant = ?

Given Reaction

        Zn(s) + 2 MnO₂(s) + H₂O(l) ---------->Zn(OH)₂(s) + Mn₂O₃(s)

To determine the limiting reactant first we will look at the reaction

         Zn(s)  +  2 MnO₂(s) + H₂O(l) ---------->Zn(OH)₂(s) + Mn₂O₃(s)

          1 mol     2 mol

Convert moles to mass

molar mass of Zn = 65.4 g/mol

Mass of MnO₂ = 55 + 2 (16) = 55 + 32 = 87 g/mol

So,

       Zn(s)          +      2 MnO₂(s)    +    H₂O(l) ----------> Zn(OH)₂(s) + Mn₂O₃(s)

1 mol (65.4 g/mol)    2 mol (87 g/mol)

       65 g                        174 g

So its clear from the reaction that 65 g Zn react with 174 g of MnO₂.

now if we look at the given amounts the amount MnO₂ is less then the amount of Zn but in actual calculation amount of MnO₂ is more then amount of zinc.

So, for MnO₂ if we calculate the needed amount of zinc

So apply unity formula

           65 g Zn react ≅ 174 g of MnO₂

            X g of Zn ≅ 21.5 g of MnO₂

Do cross multiplication

           X g Zn react = 65 g x 21.5 g / 174 g

           X g of Zn ≅ 8.032 g

So, 8.032 g of zinc will react out of 37.0 grams. the remaining will be in excess.

So MnO₂ will be consumed completely an it will be limiting reactant.

____________

part b

Data given:

mass of Zn = 37.0 g

mass of MnO₂ = 21.5 g

Mass of Zn(OH)₂  produced = ?

Given Reaction

        Zn(s) + 2 MnO₂(s) + H₂O(l) ---------->Zn(OH)₂(s) + Mn₂O₃(s)

Solution:

As from the part A we come to know that MnO₂ is limiting reactant, so the amount of Zn(OH)₂ will depend on the amount of MnO₂.

So first we convert mass of MnO₂ to moles

Formula Used

        no. of moles = mass in grams / molar mass

Mass of MnO₂ = 55 + 2 (16)

Mass of MnO₂ = 55 + 32 = 87 g/mol

Put values in the above equation

        no. of moles = 21.5 g / 87 g/mol

        no. of moles = 0.25 moles

Now,

Look at the reaction

         Zn(s)  +  2 MnO₂(s) + H₂O(l) ---------->Zn(OH)₂(s) + Mn₂O₃(s)

                        2 mol                                       1 mol  

So its clear from the reaction that 2 mole of MnO₂ gives 1 mole of Zn(OH)₂

then how many moles of Zn(OH)₂ will be produce by 0.25 moles of MnO₂

So.

apply unity formula

         2 mol of MnO₂ ≅ 1 mole of Zn(OH)₂

            0.25 moles of MnO₂  ≅ X mole of Zn(OH)₂

Do cross multiplication

           X mole of Zn(OH)₂ = 1 mole x 0.25 mol x  / 2 mol

         X mole of Zn(OH)₂  ≅ 0.125

Now Conver moles of  Zn(OH)₂  to mass

Formula used

         mass in grams = no. of moles x molar mass

Molar mass of  Zn(OH)₂

Molar mass of  Zn(OH)₂ = 65.4 + 2 (16 + 1)

Molar mass of  Zn(OH)₂ = 65.4 + 2 (17)

Molar mass of  Zn(OH)₂ = 65.4 + 34 = 99.4 g/mol

Put values in above equation

        mass in grams = 0.125 mol x 99.4 g/mol  

        mass in grams = 12.43 g

So,

12.43 g of Zn(OH)₂  will be produce.

5 0
3 years ago
When a supply of hydrogen gas is held in a 4 liter container at 47°C it exerts a pressure
Archy [21]

Answer:

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the answer id 1423c

Explanation:

4 0
3 years ago
For each of the salts below, match the salts that can be compared directly, using Ksp values, to estimate solubilities.
Anni [7]

Answer:

1 - Salts required  that can be compared directly, using Ksp values, to estimate solubilities for copper (II) sulfide are - CaSO_3 (Option b) ,BaCrO_4 (Option c) and CaS (Option d)

2 - Salts  that can be compared directly, using Ksp values, to estimate solubilities for zinc hydroxide are - Mg(OH)_2 (Option a)

Explanation:

K_s_p values can be used to compare the solubility of salts that produce ions in a 1:1 ratio.

  1. CuS {copper (II)sulfide} dissociates with ions in ratio 1:1 .

Because the salts CaSO_3 , BaCrO_4 and CaS  have a 1:1 ion ratio, the solubilities of options b, c, and d can be compared to salt 1.

K_s_p Values can be used to compare the solubility of salts that produce ions in a 1:2 or 2:1 ratio.

  2. Zn(OH)_2 dissociates into ions in ratio 1:2 .

Because the ions in the salt Mg(OH)_2 are in a 1:2 ratio, the solubility of salt 2 can be compared to that of salt 'a'.

Hence , Salt 1 is matched with options b , c , d.

              Salt 2 is matched with option a.

4 0
3 years ago
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