Gravity, and Normal. Check the comments for why Applied isn't one.
The complete question is how much heat energy is delivered by the iron in 30 seconds.
Heat is given by IVt, Where I is the current in Amperes, V is the voltage, and t is the time in seconds,
Therefore;
Heat energy = 120 × 10 ×30
= 36000 joules or 36 kJ
Heat energy is measured in joules.
The period T of a pendulum is given by:

where L is the length of the pendulum while

is the gravitational acceleration.
In the pendulum of the problem, one complete vibration takes exactly 0.200 s, this means its period is

. Using this data, we can solve the previous formula to find L:
1) It is because they produce a lot of pollution in the atmosphere
2) They are limited in number and can't be recycled
Hope this helps!