Answer:
It is Though the transfer of charges from one object to another, or (A).
Answer:
B. An ionized atom has a number of protons that is unequal to the number of electrons.
Explanation:
For a neutral atom , the number of proton and electron is equal. An ionized atom has either loss or gain electron, thereby making the number of proton and electron unequal. The answer B is true because an ionized atom has either loss or gain electron to make the number of electron and proton unequal.
Option A is incorrect because a cations holds a positive charge when it loss one or more electron not when it gains one or more electron(s). Anions possess negative charge for gaining electron(s).
Option C is not true because ions can also carry negative charges and they are called anions.
Option D is false because losing one or more electron will turn an atom to a cations.
Answer:
The correct option is;
4 percent ionic, 96 percent covalent, 222 pm
Explanation:
The parameters given are;
Phosphorus:
Atomic radius = 109 pm
Covalent radius = 106 pm
Ionic radius = 212 pm
Electronegativity of phosphorus = 2.19
Selenium:
Atomic radius = 122 pm
Covalent radius = 116 pm
Ionic radius = 198 pm
Electronegativity of selenium= 2.55
The percentage ionic character of the chemical bond between phosphorus and selenium is given by the relation;
Using Pauling's alternative electronegativity difference method, we have;
![\% \, Ionic \ Character = \left [18\times (\bigtriangleup E.N.)^{1.4} \right ] \%](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5C%25%20%5C%2C%20Ionic%20%5C%20Character%20%3D%20%5Cleft%20%5B18%5Ctimes%20%28%5Cbigtriangleup%20E.N.%29%5E%7B1.4%7D%20%20%5Cright%20%5D%20%5C%25)
Where:
Δ E.N. = Change in electronegativity = 2.55 - 2.19 = 0.36
Therefore;
![\% \, Ionic \ Character = \left [18\times (0.36)^{1.4} \right ] \% = 4.3 \%](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5C%25%20%5C%2C%20Ionic%20%5C%20Character%20%3D%20%5Cleft%20%5B18%5Ctimes%20%280.36%29%5E%7B1.4%7D%20%20%5Cright%20%5D%20%5C%25%20%3D%204.3%20%5C%25)
Hence the percentage ionic character = 4.3% ≈ 4%
the percentage covalent character = (100 - 4.3)% = 95.7% ≈ 96%
The bond length for the covalent bond is found adding the covalent radii of both atoms as follows;
The bond length for the covalent bond = 106 pm + 116 pm = 222 pm.
The correct option is therefore, 4 percent ionic, 96 percent covalent, 222 pm.
There are several information's already given in the question. Based on those information's the answer can be easily determined.
M = <span>1.11 g CH4
C = </span>4.319 kJ g C⋅°
∆T = 35.65 - 24.85 degree centigrade
= 10.8 degree centigrade.
Then
∆H =−M ⋅ C ⋅∆T
= - 1.11 * 4.319 * 10.8
= - 51.776 kJ/<span>mol
I hope the procedure is clear enough for you to understand.</span>
