Explanation:
Sodium has atomic number of 11 and its electronic configuration is given by:
![[Na]=1s^22s^22p^63s^1](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BNa%5D%3D1s%5E22s%5E22p%5E63s%5E1)
The nearest stable electronic configuration to sodium is of the neon. So, in order to attain stability of noble gas it will loose its single electron.

![[Na^+]=1s^22s^22p^63s^0](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BNa%5E%2B%5D%3D1s%5E22s%5E22p%5E63s%5E0)
Sodium has single valency that is 1.
Let nbe the valency of the ion 'X'
By criss-cross method, the oxidation state of the ions gets exchanged and they form the subscripts of the other ions. This results in the formation of a neutral compound.

So, the formulas for all the possible compounds that sodium can form with the other ions will be:

When HCl is added to metal ions, metal chlorides are produced. In this problem, it is asked whether the given ions precipitate or not when added to HCl. According to the rule, all chlorides except Ag+, Pb 2+, Hg2 2+ are soluble. Hence the ion that would precipitate is only lead (II) ion.
<span>B, An Arrhenius acid donates H+ ions.</span>
Answer:
41.63g
Explanation:
Given parameters:
Volume of CaCl₂ = 500mL = 0.5L
Concentration = 0.75mol/L
Unknown:
Mass of the solute needed = ?
Solution:
The mass of the solute can be derived using the expression below;
Mass = number of moles x molar mass
But,
Number of moles = Concentration x Volume
So;
Mass = Concentration x Volume x molar mas
Molar mass of CaCl₂ = 40 + 2(35.5) = 111g/mol
Mass = 0.75 x 0.5 x 111 = 41.63g