A satellite completes one revolution of a planet in almost exactly one hour. At the end of one hour, the satellite has traveled
2.0 × 10 7 meters and is only 10 meters away from its starting point. What is the numerical value of the satellite's average velocity after that one hour?
The planets were not simply attached to a mystical sphere (“deferent”) but they were actually attached to a mini-sphere (“epicycle”) which rotated on the larger one.