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pochemuha
4 years ago
15

Propose a mechanism to account for the formation of a cyclic acetal from 4-hydroxypentanal and one equivalent of methanol. If th

e carbonyl oxygen of 4-hydroxypentanal is enriched with oxygen-18, do you predict that the oxygen label appears in the cyclic acetal or in the water

Chemistry
1 answer:
timofeeve [1]4 years ago
8 0

Answer:

If carbonyl oxygen of 4-hydroxypentanal is enriched with O^{18}, then the oxygen label appears in the water .

Explanation:

  • In the first step, -OH group at C-4 gives intramolecular nucleophilic addition reaction at carbonyl center to produce a cyclic hemiacetal.
  • Then, one equivalent of methanol gives nucleophilic substitiution reaction by substituting -OH group in cyclic hemiacetal to produce cyclic acetal.
  • If carbonyl oxygen of 4-hydroxypentanal is enriched with O^{18}, then the oxygen label appears in the water produced at the end of reaction.
  • Full reaction mechanism has been shown below.

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6 0
1 year ago
A 45.0-gram sample of copper metal was heated from 20.0°C to 100.0°C. Calculate the heat absorbed, in kJ, by the metal.
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Answer:

1.386 KJ

Explanation:

From the question given above, the following data were obtained:

Mass (M) of copper = 45 g

Initial temperature (T1) = 20.0°C

Final temperature (T2) = 100.0°C

Heat absorbed (Q) =..?

Next, we shall determine the change in temperature. This can be obtained as follow:

Initial temperature (T1) = 20.0°C

Final temperature (T2) = 100.0°C

Change in temperature (ΔT) =?

ΔT = T2 – T1

ΔT = 100 – 20

ΔT = 80 °C

Next, we shall determine the heat absorbed by the sample of copper as follow:

Mass (M) of copper = 45 g

Change in temperature (ΔT) = 80 °C

Specific heat capacity (C) of copper = 0.385 J/gºC

Heat absorbed (Q) =..?

Q = MCΔT

Q = 45 × 0.385 × 80

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1000 J = 1 KJ

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1386 J = 1386 J × 1 KJ /1000 J

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