It is formed by the impact of meteorites on the body’s surface. The force of the collision melts some of the impacted regolith to form objects.
As the core collapses, the outer layers of the star are expelled. A planetary nebula is formed by the outer layers. The core remains as a white dwarf and eventually cools to become a black dwarf. ... Like low-mass stars, high-mass stars are born in nebulae and evolve and live in the Main Sequence
hydrogen shell burning - outer layers swell. Red Giant Branch - helium ash core compresses - increased hydrogen shell burning. First Dredge Up - expanding atmosphere cools star - stirs carbon, nitrogen and oxygen upward - star heats up.
Answer a would be correct since velocity is a vector and has a magnitude and a direction. In this case v₁ = - v₂.
Mass movement is the movement of surface materials caused by gravity. A great example would be a mud slide.
