I know I'm a bit late but just in case you still need some of the answers.
1: Oxygen
2: Change in shape
3: Water breaking down into hydrogen and oxygen
4: I think it's Milk but I might be wrong.
I might be wrong about some of them, sorry it's not much.
Researchers found the "cosmic microwave background radiation", which is a heat imprint left over from the big bang.
The redshift of light emitted by most galaxies indicates the universe is expanding.
interesting question.
how much fuel to hover over one place ?
The Foucault pendulum is a v v v long pendulum which can show the eart's rotation over time if the pend bob motion is tracked and recorded
Thermal energy transformation is taking place.
