Answer:

Explanation:
Given that,
The speed of an electromagnetic wave traveling in a transparent nonmagnetic substance is given by :

Where
k is the dielectric constant of the substance.
v is the speed of light in water


So, the speed of light in water is 
Answer:
The manipulated variable is also known as the independent variable
Explanation:
When remembering this remember independent as in you independently change the outcome
Answer:
970.2 N
Explanation:
We are given that
Length of ladder=2.7 m
Mass,M=11 kg
Coefficient of friction=

Mass of painter=8M
Distance from base=d
We have to find the magnitude of the normal force exerted by the floor on the ladder.
Normal force exerted by floor on the ladder=
Where 
Normal force exerted by floor on the ladder=