Crust, the upper layer of the Earth, is not always the same. Crust under the oceans is only about 5 km thick while continental crust can be up to 65 km thick. Also, ocean crust is made of denser minerals than continental crust.
The tectonic plates are made up of Earth’s crust and the upper part of the mantle layer underneath. Together the crust and upper mantle are called the lithosphere and they extend about 80 km deep. The lithosphere is broken into giant plates that fit around the globe like puzzle pieces. These puzzle pieces move a little bit each year as they slide on top of a somewhat fluid part of the mantle called the asthenosphere. All this moving rock can cause earthquakes.
The asthenosphere is ductile and can be pushed and deformed like silly putty in response to the warmth of the Earth. These rocks actually flow, moving in response to the stresses placed upon them by the churning motions of the deep interior of the Earth. The flowing asthenosphere carries the lithosphere of the Earth, including the continents, on its back.
Gain 1.
This is because of Chlorine's placement on the periodic table. Chlorine is a Halogen, thus being located in group 17 or 7A. This means it is one of the closest elements to being a Noble Gas or group 18/8A.
Chlorine has 7 valence electrons, and in order for it to become a Noble Gas, it needs 8. Cl- is typically the symbol used to represent this as Chlorine needs to gain an electrons instead of lose; once Chlorine gains the electron, it will be stable.
This also means that Chlorine has a high ionization energy or, in simpler terms, it would be difficult to remove an electron from Chlorine.
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The statement is False.
No, whole cloves are not broken up to help release the eugenol during distillation.
Steam distillation:
- Live steam is used in the co-distillation technique of steam distillation to separate mixture components.
- It works well to extract essential oil constituents with high boiling points, such as those with boiling points of 200°C. However, the oil vapors themselves are warmer—around 100°C—helping to maintain the compounds' structural integrity.
- It enables distillation to be carried out at lower temperatures than the boiling points of the constituent parts.
- The high-boiling essential oils are vaporized by steam, and after passing through a cooling system, the hot vapors that were formed from them condense back into a liquid along with water.
- A two-phase distillate, consisting of a water layer and an oil layer, is created because the oils are immiscible in water.
Learn more about the Steam distillation with the help of the given link:
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Cellular respiration involves breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide and water in presence of oxygen, releasing energy. ... ATP molecule is converted into ADP molecule, whenever energy is needed for any metabolic reaction or activity. The energy stored in it is released to be used in metabolic reaction.
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