A chemist wants to extract copper metal from copper chloride solution. The chemist places 0.50 grams of aluminum foil in a solut
ion containing 0.75 grams of copper (II) chloride. A single replacement reaction takes place. Which statement explains the maximum amount of copper that the chemist can extract using this reaction? Approximately 0.36 grams, because copper (II) chloride acts as a limiting reactant Approximately 1.8 grams, because copper (II) chloride acts as a limiting reactant Approximately 0.36 grams, because aluminum acts as a limiting reactant Approximately 1.8 grams, because aluminum acts as a limiting reactant
Approximately 0.36 grams, because copper (II) chloride acts as a limiting reactant.
Explanation:
It is a stichiometry problem.
We should write the balance equation of the mentioned chemical reaction:
<em>2Al + 3CuCl₂ → 3Cu + 2AlCl₃.</em>
It is clear that 2.0 moles of Al foil reacts with 3.0 moles of CuCl₂ to produce 3.0 moles of Cumetal and 2.0 moles of AlCl₃.
Also, we need to calculate the number of moles of the reported masses of Al foil (0.50 g) and CuCl₂ (0.75 g) using the relation:
<em>n = mass / molar mass</em>
The no. of moles of Al foil = mass / atomic mass = (0.50 g) / (26.98 g/mol) = 0.0185 mol.
The no. of moles of CuCl₂ = mass / molar mass = (0.75 g) / (134.45 g/mol) = 5.578 x 10⁻³ mol.
<em>From the stichiometry Al foil reacts with CuCl₂ with a ratio of 2:3.</em>
∴ 3.85 x 10⁻³ mol of Al foil reacts completely with 5.578 x 10⁻³ mol of CuCl₂ with <em>(2:3)</em> ratio and CuCl₂ is the limiting reactant while Al foil is in excess.
From the stichiometry 3.0 moles of CuCl₂ will produce the same no. of moles of copper metal (3.0 moles).
So, this reaction will produce 5.578 x 10⁻³ mol of copper metal.
Finally, we can calculate the mass of copper produced using:
mass of Cu = no. of moles x Atomic mass of Cu = (5.578 x 10⁻³ mol)(63.546 g/mol) = 0.354459 g ≅ 0.36 g.
<u><em>So, the answer is:</em></u>
<em>Approximately 0.36 grams, because copper (II) chloride acts as a limiting reactant.</em>
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