Answer:
A. a total solar eclipse
Explanation:
During a solar eclipse,the moon comes between the sun and Earth, casting its shadow over the Earth
The concepts used to solve this exercise are given through the calculation of distances (from the Moon to the earth and vice versa) as well as the gravitational potential energy.
By definition the gravitational potential energy is given by,

Where,
m = Mass of Moon
G = Gravitational Universal Constant
M = Mass of Ocean
r = Radius
First we calculate the mass through the ratio given by density.



PART A) Gravitational potential energy of the Moon–Pacific Ocean system when the Pacific is facing away from the Moon
Now we define the radius at the most distant point

Then the potential energy at this point would be,



PART B) when Earth has rotated so that the Pacific Ocean faces toward the Moon.
At the nearest point we perform the same as the previous process, we calculate the radius

The we calculate the Potential gravitational energy,



Answer:
The height is 
Explanation:
From the question we are told that
The combined mass of the child and the sled is 
The speed of the sled is 
Generally applying SOHCAHTOA on the slope which the combined mass is down from
Here the length of the slope(L) where the combined mass slides through is the hypotenuses
while the height(h) of the height of the slope is the opposite
Hence from SOHCAHTOA

=> 
Generally from the kinematic equation we have that

Here the u is the initial velocity of the combined mass which is zero since it started from rest
and a is the acceleration of the combined mass which is mathematically evaluated as


=> 
=> 
=> 
=> 