Answer:
a. in pure water Solubility (x) = 1.26 x 10⁻⁴M
b. in 0.202M M⁺² Solubility (x) = 9.963 x 10⁻¹²M
The large drop in solubility is consistent with the common ion effect.
Explanation:
a. Solubility in pure water
Given: M(OH)₂ ⇄ M⁺² + 2OH⁻
I --- 0 0
C --- x 2x
E --- x 2x
Ksp = [M⁺²][OH⁻]² = (x)(2x)² = 4x³ => x = CubeRt(Ksp/4)
solubility in pure water = x = CubeRt(8.05 x 10⁻¹²/4) = 1.26 x 10⁻⁴M
b. Solubility in presence of 0.202M M⁺² as common ion.
Given: M(OH)₂ ⇄ M⁺² + 2OH⁻
I --- 0.202M 0
C --- +x +2x
E --- 0.202M + x 2x
≈ 0.202M
Ksp = [M⁺²][2x]² = (0.202)(2x)² = (0.202)(4x²) = 8.05 x 10⁻¹²
=> x = (8.05 x 10⁻¹²)/(0.202)(4) = 9.963 x 10⁻¹²M
Explanation:
You have a solution that contains 36 g HCl dissolved in 64 g water
Molar mass HCl = 36.45 g/mol
Mol HCl in 36 g = 36 g / 36.45 g/mol = 0.9876 mol
Molar mass H2O = 18 g/mol
Mol H2O in 64 g = 64 g / 18 g/mol = 3.5556 mol
Total mol = 0.9875 + 3.5556 = 4.5431 mol
Mol fraction HCl = 0.9876 mol / 4.5431 mol = 0.2174
Mol fraction H2O = 3.5556 / 4.5431 = 0.7826
The answer should have 2 significant digits:
Mol fraction HCl = 0.22
Mol fraction H2O = 0.78
Mol fraction has no units.
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Answer:
The statement that is not true is: 'Temperature does not affect the reaction rate'.
Explanation:
a) Temperature can change a reaction rate. <u> This is true</u>
Increasing the temperature increases the reaction rates because of the disproportionately large increase in the number of high energy collisions. It is only these collisions (possessing at least the activation energy for the reaction) which result in a reaction.
For example, the time taken to melt a metal will be much higher at a lower temperature but it will decrease as soon as we increase the temperature
b) The amount of reactants can increase the reaction rate.<u> This is true</u>
A higher concentration of reactants leads to more effective collisions per unit time, which leads to an increased reaction rate.
c) Temperature can decrease the reaction rate. <u>This is true </u>
Decreasing the temperature decreases the reaction rates because of the decrease in the number of high energy collisions. It will result in a slower reaction.
d) Temperature does not affect the reaction rate. <u>This is not true. </u>
The reaction rate is temperature dependent. The reaction rate increases with higher temperature and decreases with lower temperature.
Answer:
<u>132.15</u>
Explanation:
Molar mass N = 14.00
Molar mass H = 1.01
Molar mass H4 = 1.01 x 4 = 4.04
Molar mass NH4 = 14.00 + 4.04 = 18.04
Molar mass (NH4)2 = 18.04 x 2 = 36.08
Molar mass S = 32.07
Molar mass O = 16.00
Molar mass O4 = 16.00 x 4 = 64.00
Molar mass SO4 = 32.07 + 64.00 = 96.07
Molar mass (NH4)2SO4 = 36.08 + 96.07 = <u>132.14</u>
<span>Jet streams are the major means of transport for weather systems. A jet stream is an area of strong winds ranging from 120-250 mph that can be thousands of miles long, a couple of hundred miles across and a few miles deep. Jet streams usually sit at the boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere at a level called the tropopause. This means most jet streams are about 6-9 miles off the ground. Figure A is a cross section of a jet stream.
</span>
The dynamics of jet streams are actually quite complicated, so this is a very simplified version of what creates jets. The basic idea that drives jet formation is this: a strong horizontal temperature contrast, like the one between the North Pole and the equator, causes a dramatic increase in horizontal wind speed with height. Therefore, a jet stream forms directly over the center of the strongest area of horizontal temperature difference, or the front. As a general rule, a strong front has a jet stream directly above it that is parallel to it. Figure B shows that jet streams are positioned just below the tropopause (the red lines) and above the fronts, in this case, the boundaries between two circulation cells carrying air of different temperatures.
