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ANEK [815]
4 years ago
8

Some radioactive nuclides have very short half-lives, for example, I-31 has a half-life of approximately 8 days. Pu-234, by comp

arison has a half-life of 24,000 years. Explain why both of these examples are dangerous, even though their half-lives are very different. Be sure to describe the different major types of radiation, and their hazards. (Radioactive Decay and Half-Life)
Chemistry
1 answer:
lorasvet [3.4K]4 years ago
6 0

Answer:

Here's what I find.

Explanation:

Iodine-131

Iodine-131 is both a beta emitter and a gamma emitter.

_{53}^{131}\text{I}\longrightarrow \, _{54}^{131}\text{Xe} +\, _{-1}^{0}\text{e} +\, _{0}^{0}\gamma

About 90 % of the energy is β-radiation and 10 % is γ-radiation. Both forms are highly energetic.

The main danger is from ingestion. The iodine concentrates in thyroid gland, where the β-radiation destroys cells up to 2 mm from the tissues that absorbed it.

Both the β- and γ-radiation cause cell mutations that can later become cancerous. Small doses, such as those absorbed from the nuclear disasters in the Ukraine and Japan, can cause cancers years after the original iodine has disappeared.

Plutonium-239

Plutonium-239 is an alpha emitter.

_{94}^{239}\text{U} \longrightarrow \, _{92}^{235}\text{Xe} + \, _{2}^{4}\text{He}

Alpha particles cannot penetrate the skin, so external exposure isn't much of a health risk.

However, they are extremely dangerous when they are inhaled and get inside cells. They travel first to the blood or lymph system and later to the bone marrow and liver, where they cause up to 1000 times more chromosomal damage than beta or gamma rays.

It takes about 20 years for plutonium to be eliminated from the liver around 50 years for from the skeleton, so it has a long time to cause damage.

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7 0
3 years ago
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True or false, some molecules have the same molecular formula as their empirical formula.
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Answer:

<u>True</u>, some molecules have the same molecular formula as their empirical formula.

Explanation:

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If there are 1.55 x 1024 molecules of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), what is the mass of the<br>sample? ​
bezimeni [28]

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87.54 g of H₂O₂

Explanation:

From the question given above, the following data were obtained:

Number of molecules = 1.55×10²⁴ molecules

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From Avogadro's hypothesis,

6.02×10²³ molecules = 1 mole of H₂O₂

Next, we shall determine the mass of 1 mole of H₂O₂. This can be obtained as follow:

1 mole of H₂O₂ = (2×1) + (2×16)

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6.02×10²³ molecules = 34 g of H₂O₂

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6.02×10²³ molecules = 34 g of H₂O₂

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1.55×10²⁴ molecules

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1.55×10²⁴ molecules = 87.54 g of H₂O₂

Thus, 87.54 g of H₂O₂ contains 1.55×10²⁴ molecules.

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How is radiation different from conduction?
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Answer:

<u>Radiation is the transfer of energy by waves, and conduction is the transfer of heat through contact with air.</u>

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