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ANEK [815]
3 years ago
8

Some radioactive nuclides have very short half-lives, for example, I-31 has a half-life of approximately 8 days. Pu-234, by comp

arison has a half-life of 24,000 years. Explain why both of these examples are dangerous, even though their half-lives are very different. Be sure to describe the different major types of radiation, and their hazards. (Radioactive Decay and Half-Life)
Chemistry
1 answer:
lorasvet [3.4K]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

Here's what I find.

Explanation:

Iodine-131

Iodine-131 is both a beta emitter and a gamma emitter.

_{53}^{131}\text{I}\longrightarrow \, _{54}^{131}\text{Xe} +\, _{-1}^{0}\text{e} +\, _{0}^{0}\gamma

About 90 % of the energy is β-radiation and 10 % is γ-radiation. Both forms are highly energetic.

The main danger is from ingestion. The iodine concentrates in thyroid gland, where the β-radiation destroys cells up to 2 mm from the tissues that absorbed it.

Both the β- and γ-radiation cause cell mutations that can later become cancerous. Small doses, such as those absorbed from the nuclear disasters in the Ukraine and Japan, can cause cancers years after the original iodine has disappeared.

Plutonium-239

Plutonium-239 is an alpha emitter.

_{94}^{239}\text{U} \longrightarrow \, _{92}^{235}\text{Xe} + \, _{2}^{4}\text{He}

Alpha particles cannot penetrate the skin, so external exposure isn't much of a health risk.

However, they are extremely dangerous when they are inhaled and get inside cells. They travel first to the blood or lymph system and later to the bone marrow and liver, where they cause up to 1000 times more chromosomal damage than beta or gamma rays.

It takes about 20 years for plutonium to be eliminated from the liver around 50 years for from the skeleton, so it has a long time to cause damage.

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Rank the following substances in order from most soluble in water to least soluble in water: methane, CH4; 2-butanol, C4H9OH; ma
inna [77]

Answer:

MgCl2 > C4H9OH > CH4 > C3H8.

Explanation:

Alkanes do not form hydrogen bonds and are insoluble in polar solvents e.g water. The hydrogen bonds between water molecules are move away from an alkane molecule and this worsens as their Carbon chain / molecular weight increases.

MgCl2 is soluble in water. Water essentially breaks down the ionic crystal lattice and the resulting solution is slightly basic.

Alcohols are generally soluble in water and this is because of the -OH group and its ability to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. As applied to alkanes, as the carbon chain in the alkyl group increases, the solubility decreases.

From the most soluble to the least soluble,

MgCl2 > C4H9OH > CH4 > C3H8.

4 0
3 years ago
Which of the following changes requires an oxidizing agent?
KatRina [158]
2F⁻ → F₂ + 2e⁻

(mainly electrochemical oxidation)
8 0
3 years ago
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Balancing chemical equation <br> Fe + 02 - Fe203
denpristay [2]

Answer:

4 Fe + 6 02 ----> 2 Fe2O3

Explanation:

you need 4 iron and 6 oxygen in each side

8 0
2 years ago
A chemical reaction is most likely to occur when the colliding particles have the proper
Marta_Voda [28]

Answer:

a rection will most likely occur if the colliding partilces have the proper orientation and energy. The reactions occur becasue the molecules collide. But not all the collisions result in a reaction. The collisions have to meet some requirements

Explanation:

3 0
3 years ago
In a paper chromatography analysis, three pigments, A, B, and C, were dissolved in a solvent. A is slightly polar, B is highly p
photoshop1234 [79]

Answer:It would depend on the eluent solvent what we use ,If we would use a polar solvent than B will be appear first followed by c and then A on the chromatography strip.

If we use non-polar eluent solvent than A will be separated first followed by C and thenB on the chromatography strip.

Explanation:

Separation using paper chromatography is dependent upon the polarity of various  pigments .

A polar pigment would move ahead in case of polar solvent used and a non-polar pigment would move ahead when we use a non-polar solvent.

So separation would occur in order of polarity  of various pigments in a given solvent.

The amount of distance travelled by each component (or pigment or spot) can be calculated using the formula for retention factor:

Rf= Distance travelled by pigment spot or solute/Distance travelled by eluent solvent

Rf= Retention factor

Retention factor is basically the ratio of distance tarvelled by the pigment or spot to the ratio of distance travelled by the solvent.

8 0
3 years ago
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