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ANEK [815]
3 years ago
8

Some radioactive nuclides have very short half-lives, for example, I-31 has a half-life of approximately 8 days. Pu-234, by comp

arison has a half-life of 24,000 years. Explain why both of these examples are dangerous, even though their half-lives are very different. Be sure to describe the different major types of radiation, and their hazards. (Radioactive Decay and Half-Life)
Chemistry
1 answer:
lorasvet [3.4K]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

Here's what I find.

Explanation:

Iodine-131

Iodine-131 is both a beta emitter and a gamma emitter.

_{53}^{131}\text{I}\longrightarrow \, _{54}^{131}\text{Xe} +\, _{-1}^{0}\text{e} +\, _{0}^{0}\gamma

About 90 % of the energy is β-radiation and 10 % is γ-radiation. Both forms are highly energetic.

The main danger is from ingestion. The iodine concentrates in thyroid gland, where the β-radiation destroys cells up to 2 mm from the tissues that absorbed it.

Both the β- and γ-radiation cause cell mutations that can later become cancerous. Small doses, such as those absorbed from the nuclear disasters in the Ukraine and Japan, can cause cancers years after the original iodine has disappeared.

Plutonium-239

Plutonium-239 is an alpha emitter.

_{94}^{239}\text{U} \longrightarrow \, _{92}^{235}\text{Xe} + \, _{2}^{4}\text{He}

Alpha particles cannot penetrate the skin, so external exposure isn't much of a health risk.

However, they are extremely dangerous when they are inhaled and get inside cells. They travel first to the blood or lymph system and later to the bone marrow and liver, where they cause up to 1000 times more chromosomal damage than beta or gamma rays.

It takes about 20 years for plutonium to be eliminated from the liver around 50 years for from the skeleton, so it has a long time to cause damage.

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b)Elemental boron (as a gas) is produced in one industrial process by heating diboron trioxide with magnesium metal, also produc
dlinn [17]

<u>Answer:</u> The unbalanced chemical equation is written below.

<u>Explanation:</u>

Unbalanced chemical equation does not follow law of conservation of mass.

In an unbalanced chemical equation, total number of individual atoms on the reactant side will not be equal to the total number of individual atoms on the product side.

The chemical equation for the reaction of diboron trioxide and magnesium metal follows:

B_2O_3(s)+Mg(s)\rightarrow B(g)+MgO(s)

Hence, the unbalanced chemical equation is written above.

5 0
3 years ago
A 41.1 g sample of solid CO2 (dry ice) is added to a container at a temperature of 100 K with a volume of 3.4 L. If the containe
Morgarella [4.7K]

Answer:

The pressure inside the container is 6.7 atm

Explanation:

We have the ideal gas equation: P x V = n x R x T

whereas, P (pressure, atm), V (volume, L), n (mole, mol), R (ideal gas constant, 0.082), T (temperature, Kelvin)

Since the container is evacuated and then sealed, the volume of the body of gas is the volume of the container.

So we can calculate the pressure by

P = n x R x T / V

where as,

n = 41.1 g / 44 g/mol = 0.934 mol

Hence P = 0.934 x 0.082 x 298 / 3.4 L = 6.7 atm

3 0
3 years ago
Types of osmosis...in 50 words​
ICE Princess25 [194]

<h3>Types of Osmosis</h3>

Osmosis is of two types:

Endosmosis– When a substance is placed in a hypotonic solution, the solvent molecules move inside the cell and the cell becomes turgid or undergoes deplasmolysis. This is known as endosmosis.

Exosmosis– When a substance is placed in a hypertonic solution, the solvent molecules move outside the cell and the cell becomes flaccid or undergoes plasmolysis. This is known as exosmosis.

6 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Radioactive decay can be described by the following equation where is the original amount of the substance, is the amount of the
soldi70 [24.7K]

Answer:

Iron remains = 17.49 mg

Explanation:

Half life of iron -55 = 2.737 years (Source)

t_{1/2}=\frac {ln\ 2}{k}

Where, k is rate constant

So,  

k=\frac {ln\ 2}{t_{1/2}}

k=\frac {ln\ 2}{2.737}\ year^{-1}

The rate constant, k = 0.2533 year⁻¹

Time = 2.41 years

[A_0] = 32.2 mg

Using integrated rate law for first order kinetics as:

[A_t]=[A_0]e^{-kt}

Where,  

[A_t] is the concentration at time t

[A_0] is the initial concentration

So,  

[A_t]=32.2\times e^{-0.2533\times 2.41}\ mg

[A_t]=32.2\times e^{-0.610453}\ mg

[A_t]=17.49\ mg

<u>Iron remains = 17.49 mg</u>

8 0
3 years ago
Two different compounds are obtained by combining nitrogen with oxygen. the first compound results from combining 46.7 g of n wi
kondaur [170]
<span>First:

46.7 g of N with 53.3 g of O,

=> mass ratio O to N = 53.3 / 46.7 = 1.1413

Second

17.9 g of N and 82.0 g of O.

mass ratio of O to N = 82.0 / 17.9 = 4.5810

Third

Ratio of the mass ratio of O to N in the second compound to the mass ratio of O to N in the first compound =

= 4.5810 / 1.1413 = 4.013 ≈ 4

Answer: 4
</span>
8 0
3 years ago
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