A cascade effect is an inevitable and sometimes unforeseen chain of events due to an act affecting a system. If there is a possibility that the cascade effect will have a negative impact on the system, it is possible to analyze the effects with a consequence / impact analysis. An example of the cascade effect caused by the loss of a top predator is apparent in tropical forests. When hunters cause local extinctions of top predators, the predators' prey's population numbers increase, causing an overexploitation of a food resource and a cascade effect of species loss. Another example is a lake system with four trophic levels, the model predicts with the removal of the top carnivore, the primary carnivore numbers will increase, in turn, reducing the number of herbivores, increasing the phytoplankton abundance, and decreasing the levels of mineral nutrients. The effects show a positive/ negative change in trophic level structure as it moves down.
Answer:
3.26 secs
Explanation:
Diameter of sphere ( D )= 10 mm
T1 = 75°C
P = 1 atm
T∞ = 23°C
T2 = 35°c
Velocity = 10 m/s
<u>Determine how long it will take to cool the sphere to 35°C</u>
<em>Using the properties of copper and air given in the question</em>
Nu = 2 + (Re)^0.8 (Pr)^0.33
hd / k = 2 + ( vd/v )^0.8 (Pr)^0.33
∴ h ≈ 2594.7 W/m^2k
Given that :
(T2 - T∞) / ( T1 - T∞ ) = exp [ ( -hA / pv CP ) t ]
( 35 - 23 ) / ( 75 - 23 ) = exp [ - 2594.7 * 6 * t / 8933 * 387 * 10 * 10^-3 ]
= ln ( 12/52 ) = -1.466337069 = - 0.45032919 * t
∴ t ≈ 3.26 secs ( -1.466337069 / -0.45032919 )
As we know,
so, let's solve for velocity (v)
Answer:
4 times
Explanation:
Given:
diameter of the input piston, 
diameter of the output piston, 
In such mechanical arrangements the fluid acts as an incompressible link and the pressure remains uniform throughout the fluid bulk.
Then, by the Pascal's law:
where:
are the input and the output forces respectively.
are the input and the output area of pistons respectively.
Acceleration: is the change in velocity divided by the time it takes for the change to occur. . Acceleration is the change in verity divided by the time it takes to make the change, Acceleration has direction.
