The excess reactant is Aluminum.
<u>Explanation:</u>
We have to write the balanced equation as,
4 Al+ 3 O₂ → 2 Al₂O₃
According to the molar ratio 4: 3, from the given balanced equation, we can say that 4 atoms of Al reacted with 3 molecules of oxygen.
Given that 10 atoms of aluminum reacts with 6 molecules of oxygen, as per the ratio only 8 atoms of Aluminum is required to react with 6 molecules of oxygen, so excess reactant is Aluminum.
Energy absorbed by Iron block E (iron) = 460.5 J
Energy absorbed by Copper block E (Copper) = 376.8 J
<u>Explanation:</u>
To find the heat absorbed, we can use the formula as,
q = m c ΔT
Here, Mass = m = 10 g = 0.01 kg
ΔT = change in temperature = 400 - 300 = 100 K = 100 - 273 = -173 °C
c = specific heat capacity
c for iron = 460.5 J/kg K
c for copper = 376.8 J/kg K
Plugin the values in the above equation, we will get,
q (iron) = 0.01 kg × 460.5 J/kg K × 100 K
= 460.5 J
q (copper) = 0.01 kg × 376.8 J/kg K × 100 K
= 376.8 J
According to the Bronsted-Lowry definitions, an acid is any substance that donates hydrogen ions; whereas, a base is any substance that accepts hydrogen ions.
In the first reaction, water is acting as an acid because it donates a hydrogen ions.
In the second reaction, water is acting as a base because it accepts a hydrogen ion.
In the third reaction, water is again donating a hydrogen ion so it is the acid.
In the fourth reaction, water is acting as a base by accepting the hydrogen ion from the ammonium ion.
It is a good thing that you already have answered the first question. Now, moving on to the second question, there exist an equation for the neutralization of acid by a base that is shown below,
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
Now, all the variables in the equation are given except for our unknown which is the V₂. Substituting the known values from the given above,
(0.1 M)(25 mL) = (0.05 M)(V₂)
The value of V₂ from the equation above is 50 mL. Therefore, 50 mL of 0.05 M NaOH solution will be needed to completely react with HNO3.
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