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qaws [65]
3 years ago
10

Calculate the equilibrium number of vacancies per cubic meter for copper at 1000K. The energy for vacancy formation is 0.9eV/ato

m; the atomic weight and density at 1000K for copper are 63.5g/mol and 8.45g/cm3, respectively.
Chemistry
1 answer:
nexus9112 [7]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

Therefore the equilibrium number of vacancies per unit cubic meter =2.34×10²⁴ vacancies/ mole

Explanation:

The equilibrium number of of vacancies is denoted by N_v.

It is depends on

  • total no. of atomic number(N)
  • energy required for vacancy
  • Boltzmann's constant (k)= 8.62×10⁻⁵ev K⁻¹
  • temperature (T).

N_v=Ne^{-\frac{Q_v}{kT} }

To find  equilibrium number of of vacancies we have find N.

N=\frac{N_A\ \rho}{A_{cu}}

Here ρ= 8.45 g/cm³  =8.45 ×10⁶m³

N_A= Avogadro Number = 6.023×10²³

A_{Cu}= 63.5 g/mole

N=\frac{6.023\times 10^{23}\times 8.45\times 10^{6}}{63.5}

   =8.01\times 10^{28 g/mole

Here Q_v=0.9 ev/atom , T= 1000k

Therefore the equilibrium number of vacancies per unit cubic meter,

N_v=( 8.01\times 10^{28}) e^{-(\frac{0.9}{8.62\times10^{-5}\times 1000})

   =2.34×10²⁴ vacancies/ mole

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Write the complete ionic equations, spectator ions and net ionic equation for the following.
gizmo_the_mogwai [7]

Answer:

Explanation:

1) ZnBr₂ (aq) + AgNO₃ (aq)

Chemical equation:

 ZnBr₂ (aq) + AgNO₃ (aq)  →Zn(NO₃)₂(aq) + AgBr(s)

Balanced chemical equation:

ZnBr₂ (aq) + 2AgNO₃ (aq)  →Zn(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2AgBr(s)

Ionic equation:

Zn²⁺(aq) + Br₂²⁻ (aq) + 2Ag⁺ (aq)+ 2NO⁻₃ (aq)  → Zn²⁺(aq) +(NO₃)₂²⁻(aq) + 2AgBr(s)

Net ionic equation:

Br₂²⁻ (aq) + 2Ag⁺ (aq)   →    2AgBr(s)

The Zn²⁺((aq) and NO⁻₃ (aq) are spectator ions that's why these are not written in net ionic equation. The AgBr can not be splitted into ions because it is present in solid form.

Spectator ions:

These ions are same in both side of chemical reaction. These ions are cancel out. Their presence can not effect the equilibrium of reaction that's why these ions are omitted in net ionic equation.

2) HgCl₂ (aq) + KI (aq)  →

Chemical equation:

HgCl₂ (aq) + KI (aq)  → KCl + HgI₂

Balanced chemical equation:

HgCl₂ (aq) + 2KI (aq)  → 2KCl(aq) + HgI₂(s)

Ionic equation:

Hg²⁺(aq)  + Cl₂²⁻  (aq) + 2K⁺(aq) + 2I⁻ (aq)  →  HgI₂ (s) + 2K⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻ (aq)

Net ionic equation:

Hg²⁺(aq)  + 2I⁻ (aq) →   HgI₂ (s)

The Cl⁻ ((aq)  and K⁺ (aq) are spectator ions that's why these are not written in net ionic equation. The HgI₂ (s) can not be splitted into ions because it is present in solid form.

Spectator ions:

These ions are same in both side of chemical reaction. These ions are cancel out. Their presence can not effect the equilibrium of reaction that's why these ions are omitted in net ionic equation.

 

3) Ca(OH)₂ (aq) + Na₂SO₄ (aq)

Chemical equation:

Ca(OH)₂ (aq) + Na₂SO₄ (aq)  →   CaSO₄(s) + NaOH(aq)

Balanced chemical equation:

Ca(OH)₂ (aq) + Na₂SO₄ (aq)  →   CaSO₄(s) + 2NaOH(aq)

Ionic equation:

Ca²⁺(aq)  + OH₂²⁻  (aq) + 2Na⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻ (aq)  →   CaSO₄(s) + 2Na⁺(aq) + 2OH⁻ (aq)

Net ionic equation:

Ca²⁺(aq)   + SO₄²⁻ (aq)  →   CaSO₄(s)

The OH⁻ ((aq)  and Na⁺ (aq) are spectator ions that's why these are not written in net ionic equation. The CaSO₄ can not be splitted into ions because it is present in solid form.

Spectator ions:

These ions are same in both side of chemical reaction. These ions are cancel out. Their presence can not effect the equilibrium of reaction that's why these ions are omitted in net ionic equation.

4 0
3 years ago
Which reaction below represents a balanced, double replacement chemical reaction? A) C2H5OH + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O B) Rb2O + Cu(C2H
guajiro [1.7K]
Option B. <span>Rb2O + Cu(C2H3O2)2 → 2RbC2H3O2 + CuO is the correct answer. HOPE IT HELPS</span>
8 0
3 years ago
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How many excess electrons must be added to an isolated spherical conductor 41.0 cmcm in diameter to produce an electric field of
alina1380 [7]

Answer:

3.65 x 10¹⁰ electrons

Explanation:

we'll apply the following equation for electric field of a point charge on a spherical conductor

E = k \frac{q}{r^{2} }

where E is the electric field

k is a constant of the value 8.99 x 10⁹ Nm²/C²

r is the radius of the spherical conductor

q is the total charge in the sphere

Given diameter d =41.0cm, radius r = 20.5cm = 0.205m (convert cm to m)

Electrical field E = 1250 N/C

we are asked to determine how many excess electrons must be added to the surface of the sphere to produce this electric field

E = k \frac{q}{r^{2} }

q = <u>E x r²</u>

        k

q =  <u>1250 N/C x 0.205m</u>²

       8.99 x 10⁹ Nm²/C²

q =   5.84 x 10⁻⁹ C

this is the total charge in the sphere

To determine the number of electrons, we can divide the charge q by the charge on an electron e (1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹C)

n = \frac{q}{e}

n = <u>5.84 x 10⁻⁹ C </u>

       1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹C

n = 3.65 x 10¹⁰ electrons

Therefore, to apply an electric field of magnitude 1250 N/C, the isolated spherical conductor must contain 3.65 x 10¹⁰ electrons

3 0
3 years ago
A box of paper clips weighs 1.1 kg. If each paper clip weighs 0.88 grams, how many paper clips are in the box? (Hint: 1 kg = 100
PolarNik [594]
1.1kg = 1100g
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1250 paper clips in the box
5 0
2 years ago
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11111nata11111 [884]

Answer:

a) The wrong denominator for the equivalent fraction of kilograms to grams

b) The use of the scale factor of length rather than the scale factor of volume for the equivalent fraction of cubic centimeters to cubic meters

c) The arrival at the correct 1000 kg/m³ rather than 0.1 g/m³ based on the expression on the left of the equation

The density of water = 1 g/cm³

The given equation is presented as follows;

1 g/cm³ × 1 kg/(1000 kg) × 100 cm³/(1 m³) = 1000 kg/m³

The error in the conversion method are;

a) The conversion, 1 kg/(1,000 kg) has an error, the correct conversion is (1 kg)/1,000 g)

b) The volume conversion error, 100 cm³/(1 m³), the correct volume conversion is (100 cm)³/(1 m³) = 1,000,000 cm³/(1 m³)

c) The right of the equal to sign error; using the left side expression only, the (wrong) answer is 0.1 g/m³

The correct equation is presented as follows;

1 g/cm³ × 1 kg/(1000 g) × 1,000,000 cm³/(1 m³) = 1000 kg/m³

Explanation: hope this help.

7 0
2 years ago
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