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maw [93]
3 years ago
15

Since entropy is about how energy is shared, it is important to be able to identify places where energy can be put, or degrees o

f freedom. For example, a monoatomic atom moving in three dimensions in free space has three places to put energy: kinetic energy for motion in three independent directions, so it has three degrees of freedom. (Because of quantum mechanics, a perfectly spherical atom cannot have any energy of rotation.) A rigid diatomic molecule can have three kinetic energy degrees of freedom and two rotational degrees of freedom since it can rotate about two different axes. (Rotation about the axis through the center line of the molecule doesn't have any rotational energy, again because of quantum mechanics and the fact that it doesn't change when it makes that rotation.) Both kinetic and potential energies can serve as degrees of freedom. To see more about these issues, see the reading Example: Degrees of freedom. For this problem assume that you can ignore gravity. a. Consider a gas consisting of a box of N argon atoms. How many degrees of freedom do you expect the gas to have?b. Consider a gas consisting o' a box of N carbon-monoxide molecules. Assuming that you can treat the bond as rigid, how many degrees of freedom do you expect the gas to have?c. If you consider a gas consisting of a box of N carbon-monoxide molecules. Assuming that you can treat the bond is a spring that can only vibrate along the axis joining the two atoms (and not sideways), how many degrees of freedom do you expect the gas to have?d. Consider a gas consisting of water vapor with N molecules having three atoms rigidly bonded in an angled shape (not a straight line). How many degrees of freedom do you expect this gas to have?e. On average, when thermal energy is added to a substance, the energy is shared equally among the degrees of freedom. Since the temperature of a substance is proportional to the average energy in a degree of freedom, which of the mode substances do you expect would have the largest specific heat? (That is, which substance would change temperature the least in response to the addition of a given amount of thermal energy.)
Physics
1 answer:
Fiesta28 [93]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

Please see answer in explanation

Explanation:

1. Since each molecule has three kinetic degrees of freedom (can move in three independent directions), the gas must have 3N DoFs.

2. Each molecule has the three kinetic degrees of freedom the monotonic atom has ­­ moving without rotating ­­ but it can also spin. There are three axes for it to spin around so we would expect three rotational degrees of freedom, but as were as above, the one about the diatomic molecule's axis doesn't count because of quantum. So we have two rotational DoFs and three kinetic, for a total of 5 per molecules. So the gas will have 5N DoFs.

3.When a spring vibrates it has two DoFs, its KE and its PE, so adding 1 vibration adds 2 DoFs per molecule, giving 7 per molecule and giving thegas 7N DoFs.

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Question #14
Katena32 [7]

The decrease in energy in the hydrogen molecule is what allows its formation on Earth, but in stars the great energy of the explosion has a kinetic energy so great that electrons cannot bind to another atom, which is why hydrogen has a single atom.

The hydrogen molecule is a form that two hydrogen atoms share their electrons decreasing the total energy of the molecule, this bond has a covalent and hydrogen bonding characteristic.

In a stellar explosion, the energy released increases the energy of the hydrogen atom, for which we have two possibilities:

  • Its electron is lost, so we are in a single proton, in the case of structures where the proton and the elector are
  • The hydrogen atom remains but the energy of the atom is very high so the kinetic energy of the electron prevents the electron from being shared by the other atom and the molecule cannot be formed.

When the atoms are thrown into space, the separation between them is so high that it does not allow electrons to be shared and molecules cannot be formed either.

In conclusion, the decrease in energy in the hydrogen molecule is what allows its formation on Earth, but in stars the great energy of the explosion has a kinetic energy so great that electrons cannot join another atom, which is why the hydrogen has only one atom.

Learn more about the Hydrogen atom here:

brainly.com/question/22464200

6 0
2 years ago
A dog has a mass of 20 kg. If the dog is pushed across the ice with a force of 40 N, what is its acceleration?
olasank [31]

Answer:

The acceleration is 2 m/s2.

Explanation:

We calculate the acceleration (a), with the data of mass (m) and force (F), through the formula:

F = m x a  ---> a= F/m

a = 40 N/20 kg                   <em>  1N= 1 kg x m/s2</em>

a= 40 kgx m/s2/ 20 kg

<em>a= 2 m/s2</em>

7 0
3 years ago
1 Point
irakobra [83]

Answer:

SECOND LAW OF NEWTON

Explanation:

When the rocket fires the engines the gases leave at high speed and collide with the space station, transferring an impulse given by the expression

                I = F t = Δp

As we can see this expression is a form of Newton's second law

           F = m a

           a = dv / dt

           F = m dv / dt

           F dt = m dv

           p = mv

           F dt = dp

Therefore the station moves through the SECOND LAW OF NEWTON

7 0
2 years ago
If you are sitting in the back seat of a car that makes a hard left turn, you will feel pushed toward the right side of the car.
Sonja [21]

Answer:

Inertia

Explanation:

Your body is naturally resisting turning left, as it wants to continue straight. So if feels like you are going right.

3 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST!!!
Annette [7]

Answer:

Explanation:

Divergent Boundary

7 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
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