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4 years ago

Alkaline earth metals electronegativity

1 answer:

Alex4 years ago

7 0

It is usually measured on the Pauling scale, on which the most electronegative element (fluorine) is assigned an electronegativity of 4.0. Each of these elements has a low electronegativity on the Pauling scale, and the electronegativities clearly decrease down the group.

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What are the three parts of the cell theory?

tamaranim1 [39]

First cell theory. All living things are composed of cells.
Second cell theory. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
Third cell theory. All cells are produced from other cells

6 0

3 years ago

One possible mechanism for the gas phase reaction of hydrogen with nitrogen monoxide is: step 1 slow: H2(g) + 2 NO(g) N2O(g) + H

ddd [48]

Answer:

1) Overall reaction is

2H₂(g) + 2NO(g) → N₂(g) + 2H₂O(g)

2) The catalyst cannot be determined from the given information about this reaction. None of the species in the elementary reactions can pass as a catalyst for the reaction.

3) The only intermediate for this reaction is N₂O(g).

4) Rate = K [H₂] [NO]²

Comparing this with

Rate = K [A]ᵐ [B]ⁿ

A = H₂

B = NO

m = 1

n = 2

Explanation:

1) The overall reaction is obtained by adding all of the elementary reactions up.

Step 1 (slow step)

H₂(g) + 2 NO(g) → N₂O(g) + H₂O(g)

Step 2 (fast step)

N₂O(g) + H₂(g) → N₂(g) + H₂O(g)

Summing up, we obtain,

H₂(g) + 2 NO(g) + N₂O(g) + H₂(g) → N₂O(g) + H₂O(g) + N₂(g) + H₂O(g)

We then eliminate the species that appear on both sides of this

2H₂(g) + 2NO(g) → N₂(g) + 2H₂O(g)

2) The catalyst cannot be determined from the given information about this reaction.

The catalyst doesn't participate in the reaction, it just affects the rate of the reaction. So, none of the species in the elementary reactions can pass as a catalyst for the reaction.

3) The reaction intermediates are the species that appear in the elementary reactions but do not appear in the overall reaction. They are formed and disappear all in the process of the reaction.

From combining the elementary reactions in (1), it is evident that the only intermediate for this reaction is N₂O(g).

4) The rate law is the one that gives the rate of the overall reaction. It is obtained from the slow step of the elementary reactions. And the intermediates that appear in it are substituted using the other steps in the elementary reactions.

For this reaction, the slow step is

H₂(g) + 2 NO(g) → N₂O(g) + H₂O(g)

Rate = K [H₂] [NO]²

Since no intermediates appear in the rate law given by the slow step, there is no need for any substitution.

The rate of the overall reaction is

Rate = K [H₂] [NO]²

Comparing this with

Rate = K [A]ᵐ [B]ⁿ

A = H₂

B = NO

m = 1

n = 2

Hope this Helps!!!

6 0

3 years ago

The idea that atoms are neither gained nor lost during a chemical reaction is called the law of

Igoryamba

Conservation of matter

7 0

3 years ago

Most of the world’s energy comes from what three sources?

Simora [160]

Answers:

Most of the world’s energy comes from what three sources?

Oil, coal, and gas.

These energy sources are called <u>fossil</u> fuels and they are <u>non-renewable</u> resources.

Fuel type: oil

How it's formed: from the remains of ancient marine organisms

Its uses: transportation, industrial power, heating and lighting, lubricants, petrochemical industry, and use of by-products

Fule type: coal

How it's formed: when dead plant matter decays into peat and is converted into coal by the heat and pressure of deep burial

Its uses: electricity generation, metal production, cement production, chemical production, gasification, and other industrial uses

Fuel type: gas

How it's formed: decomposed organic matter mixed with mud, silt, and sand on the seafloor

Its uses: heating & cooling buildings, cooking foods, fueling vehicles, and electricity generation

5 0

3 years ago

What occurs in an Ionic bond

pochemuha

Answer:

Ionic bond, also called electrovalent bond, type of linkage formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound. ... The atom that loses the electrons becomes a positively charged ion (cation), while the one that gains them becomes a negatively charged ion (anion).

Explanation:Ionic bonding is the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms. It is a type of chemical bond that generates two oppositely charged ions. In ionic bonds, the metal loses electrons to become a positively charged cation, whereas the nonmetal accepts those electrons to become a negatively charged anion. Ionic bonds require an electron donor, often a metal, and an electron acceptor, a nonmetal.

Ionic bonding is observed because metals have few electrons in their outer-most orbitals. By losing those electrons, these metals can achieve noble gas configuration and satisfy the octet rule. Similarly, nonmetals that have close to 8 electrons in their valence shells tend to readily accept electrons to achieve noble gas configuration. In ionic bonding, more than 1 electron can be donated or received to satisfy the octet rule. The charges on the anion and cation correspond to the number of electrons donated or received. In ionic bonds, the net charge of the compound must be zero.

This sodium molecule donates the lone electron in its valence orbital in order to achieve octet configuration. This creates a positively charged cation due to the loss of electron.

This chlorine atom receives one electron to achieve its octet configuration, which creates a negatively charged anion.

The predicted overall energy of the ionic bonding process, which includes the ionization energy of the metal and electron affinity of the nonmetal, is usually positive, indicating that the reaction is endothermic and unfavorable. However, this reaction is highly favorable because of the electrostatic attraction between the particles. At the ideal interatomic distance, attraction between these particles releases enough energy to facilitate the reaction. Most ionic compounds tend to dissociate in polar solvents because they are often polar. This phenomenon is due to the opposite charges on each ion.

4 0

3 years ago

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