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d1i1m1o1n [39]
3 years ago
9

Which of the following is not correctly paired with its dominant type of intermolecular forces? 1. SiH4, instantaneous dipoles 2

. C6H6 (benzene), instantaneous dipoles 3. NH3, hydrogen bonding 4. HBr, hydrogen bonding 5. CaO, ionic forces
Chemistry
1 answer:
Luda [366]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

Option 4. There's no hydrogen bonding between HBr molecules at all.

Explanation:

<h3>SiH₄</h3>

SiH₄ molecules are tetrahedral and symmetric. Dipoles due to the polar Si-H bonds balance each other. SiH₄ molecules are nonpolar. Only instantaneous dipoles are possible between those molecules.

<h3>C₆H₆ Benzene</h3>

Similar to SiH₄, benzene is symmetric. Dipoles due to the weakly polar C-H bonds balance each other. Benzene molecules are nonpolar. Only instantaneous dipoles are possible between those molecules.

<h3>NH₃</h3>

There are two conditions for hydrogen bonding to take place:

  • H atoms are directly bonded to a highly electronegative element: Nitrogen, Oxygen, or Fluorine.
  • There is at least one lone pair of electrons nearby.

Consider the Lewis structure of NH₃. There are three H atoms in each NH₃ molecule. Each of the three H atoms is bonded directly to the N atom with a highly polar N-H bond.  Also, there is a lone pair of electrons on the N atom. Hydrogen bonding will take place between NH₃ molecules.

NH₃ is a relatively small molecule. As a result, hydrogen bonding will be the dominant type of intermolecular force between NH₃ molecules.

<h3>HBr</h3>

There are three lone pairs on the Br atom in each HBr molecule. However, no H atom is connected to any one of the three highly electronegative elements: N, O, or F. The Br atom isn't electronegative enough for the H atom to form hydrogen bonding. HBr molecules are polar. As a result, the dominant type of intermolecular forces between HBr molecules will be dipole-dipole interactions (A.k.a. permanent dipole.)

<h3>CaO</h3>

Calcium is a group 2 metal. Oxygen is one of the three most electronegative nonmetal. (Again, the most electronegative elements are: Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Fluorine.) As a main group metal, Ca atoms tend to lose electrons and form positive ions. Oxygen will gain those electrons to form a negative ion. As a result, CaO will be an ionic compound full of Ca²⁺ and O²⁻ ions. Forces between ions with opposite charges are called ionic bonds.

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