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SVEN [57.7K]
3 years ago
15

Sketch the velocity profile for laminar and turbulent flow.

Engineering
1 answer:
Margarita [4]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

The laminar flow is generally given in high viscosity fluids such as honey or oil, it has the characteristic of flowing in an orderly manner, the walls of the tube have a zero speed while in the center it has a maximum speed.

turbulent flow is characterized by fluid velocity vectors presenting themselves in a disorderly manner and in all directions.

I attached the drawings for the velocity profile in laminar and turbulent flow.

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What is meant by the thickness to chord ratio of an aerofoil?
Karolina [17]

Answer:

Chord ratio:

  It is the ratio of thickness to the chord.It is also knows as thickness ratio.

Chord ratio measure the performance of wing when it is operating at the transonic speed.

When the speed cross the speed of sound wave then that wave creates the shock wave and these shock leads to produce drag force on the aerofoil profile.When Mach number is one then it means that if Mach increase then it will leads increase then drag force.

6 0
3 years ago
Design complementary static CMOS circuits with minimized number of transistors to realize the following Boolean functions (hint:
Pie

Answer:

as pull up network. the metteing point of pull down and pull up is the point where we take the output

note 1: if two n-mos are connected in series it gives logical AND and p-mos paralle gives logical-AND

note 2: if two n-mos are connected in parallel it gives logical OR and p-mos series gives logical-OR

note 3: output is always complement of what we implement

example Y= (AB)'

image attached

A) F = (ABC + D(A+B) )'

pulldown:

this can be realize by takeing three n-mos in series which gives ABC ,two n-mos are parallel which in series with another n-mos whic gives D(A+B), now connect ABC and D(A+B) in parallel

pull up

this can be realize by takeing three p-mos in parallel which gives ABC ,two p-mos are series which is in serires with

another p-mos whic gives D(A+B), now connect ABC and D(A+B) in series

the out put will be (ABC + D(A+B) )'

so we require total 6-mos and 6-pmos total 12mos transistors

B) F = AC + BD

pull down

this can be realize by takeing two n-mos in series which gives AB ,two n-mos are in series

which whic gives BD, now connect AC and BD in parallel

pull up

this can be realize by takeing two p-mos in parallel which gives Ac ,two p-mos are in parallel

which whic gives BD, now connect AC and BD in series

the output is (AC+BD)'

to avoid the complement we have to connect the output to c-mos inverter then we get AC+BD

so we require 5-nmos, 5-pmos total 10 mos transistors

8 0
3 years ago
Explain in detail the difference between the microstructures of a cold worked sample and Recrystallized sample ?
MrRa [10]

Answer:

A recrystallization process differs mainly from a restoration process (microestructures of a cold worked sample) in that  the first, the microstructure of the final product consists mainly of  high angle borders.

Explanation:

The microstructure of a cold worked material has a high energy stored in dislocations and subgrains. During a heat treatment, this microstructure evolves in order to achieve a more stable state by reducing its energy. The complex microscopic mechanisms that take place during this process have been traditionally encompassed in three categories: restoration, recrystallization and grain growth, which will be discussed later.

These processes generally lead to the total or partial recovery of the original properties of the material (ductility, resistance). They can take place under dynamic conditions, that is, during thermomechanical processing or when the material is subsequently deformed at high temperature, and under static conditions, that is, during a heat treatment after thermomechanical processing.

The term <em>restoration</em> encompasses the following succession of micromechanism: formation of dislocation cells,  annihilation of dislocations within them, formation of subgrains and their growth.

<em>A recrystallization process differs mainly from a restoration process in that in the first one the microstructure of the final product is mainly formed by high-angle borders.</em>

7 0
3 years ago
The basic concept of feedback control is that an error must exist before some corrective action can be made?
weqwewe [10]

Answer:

The correct answer is True.

Explanation:

The feedback control system implies that to make a feedback, there must first be an error, otherwise there will be nothing to correct.

This system works so that there is an output that is controlled through a signal.

This signal will be feedback and it will signal an error which will be detected by a controller that will allow entry into the system.

In basic words, this system processes signals, samples them in the form of an output, and re-enters them feedback to detect the error signal.  

7 0
3 years ago
A 1000 KVA three phase transformer has a secondary voltage of 208/120. What is the secondary full load amperage?
IceJOKER [234]

Answer:

The three phase full load secondary amperage is 2775.7 A

Explanation:

Following data is given,

S = Apparent Power = 1000 kVA

No. of phases = 3

Secondary Voltage: 208 V/120 V <em>(Here 208 V is three phase voltage and 120 V is single phase voltage) </em>

<em>Since,</em>

<em />

<em />V_{1ph} =\frac{ V_{3ph}}{\sqrt{3} }\\V_{1ph) = \frac{208}{\sqrt{3} }\\<em />

V_{1ph} = 120 V

The formula for apparent power in three phase system is given as:

S = \sqrt{3} VI

Where:

S = Apparent Power

V = Line Voltage

I = Line Current

In order to calculate the Current on Secondary Side, substituting values in above formula,

1000 kVA = \sqrt{3} * (208) * (I)\\1000 * 1000 = \sqrt{3} * (208) * (I)\\I = \frac{1000 * 1000}{\sqrt{3} * (208) }\\ I = 2775.7 A

 

4 0
3 years ago
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