8) The gravitational force is a force of attraction between two objects. It can be expressed mathematically as:
F = G m₁*m₂/d² ------(1)
m₁ and m₂ are the masses of two interacting systems
d = distance between them
G = gravitational constant
Thus according to equation(1), the gravitational force is directly proportional to the mass of the objects. Greater the masses, stronger will be the force of attraction.
In this case, the distance (d) and the one of the masses i.e. mass of earth would be the same for both situations. However, since an elephant would weigh more than a human, the gravitational force will be stronger between an elephant and earth.
9) Since the masses of spheres is the same, the gravitational force between the red and blue spheres would be the same as well, provided the distance d remains constant.
