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2 years ago

What is scientific meaning for emerge?

Chemistry

2 answers:

Likurg_2 [28]2 years ago

5 0

To move out /come out or away from something

cluponka [151]2 years ago

3 0

When we're talking about something that's emerging, we're talking about a characteristic of a certain object we're observing which couldn't be directly inferred from its known constitutional parts.

If we know water is made out of oxygen and two hydrogen molecules, we cannot predict certain qualities it has. What we need to know and what is important is that we also know the interaction between the constitutional parts of our object so that we can properly explain the new observed characteristic.

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Use the changes in oxidation numbers to identify which atom is oxidized, reduced, the oxidizing agent, and the reducing agent. 5

Vinil7 [7]

Answer:

Reaction A:

Hydrogen atoms in H₂ are oxidized.
Oxygen atoms in O₂ are reduced.
Hydrogen gas H₂ is the reducing agent.
Oxygen gas O₂ is the oxidizing agent.

Reaction B:

Oxygen atoms in KNO₃ are oxidized.
Nitrogen atoms in KNO₃ are reduced.
Potassium nitrate (V) KNO₃ is both the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent.

Explanation:

When an atom is oxidized, its oxidation number increases.
When an atom is reduced, its oxidation number decreases.
The oxidizing agent contains atoms that are reduced.
The reducing agent contains atoms that are oxidized.

Here are some common rules for assigning oxidation states.

Oxidation states on all atoms in a neutral compound shall add up to 0.
The average oxidation state on an atom is zero if the compound contains only atoms of that element. (E.g., the oxidation state on O in O₂ is zero.)
The oxidation state on oxygen atoms in compounds is typically -2. (Exceptions: oxygen bonded to fluorine, and peroxides.)
The oxidation state on group one metals (Li, Na, K) in compounds is typically +1.
The oxidation state on group two metals (Mg, Ca, Ba) in compounds is typically +2.
The oxidation state on H in compounds is typically +1. (Exceptions: metal hydrides where the oxidation state on H can be -1.)

For this question, only the rule about neutral compounds, oxygen, and group one metals (K in this case) are needed.

<h3>Reaction B</h3>

Oxidation states in KNO₃:

K is a group one metal. The oxidation state on K in the compound KNO₃ shall be +1.
The oxidation state on N tend to vary a lot, from -3 all the way to +5. Leave that as $x$ for now.
There's no fluorine in KNO₃. The ion NO₃⁻ stands for nitrate. There's no peroxide in that ion. The oxidation state on O in this compound shall be -2.
Let the oxidation state on N be $x$ . The oxidation state of all five atoms in the formula KNO₃ shall add up to zero. $1\times (+1) + 1 \times (x) + {\bf 3} \times (-2) = 0\\x = +5$ . As a result, the oxidation state on N in KNO₃ will be +5.

Similarly, for KNO₂:

The oxidation state on the group one metal K in KNO₂ will still be +1.
Let the oxidation state on N be $y$ .
There's no peroxide in the nitrite ion, NO₂⁻, either. The oxidation state on O in KNO₂ will still be -2.
The oxidation state on all atoms in this formula shall add up to 0. Solve for the oxidation state on N: $1\times (+1) + 1 \times (y) + {\bf 2}\times (-2) = 0\\y = +3$ . The oxidation state on N in KNO₂ will be +3.

Oxygen is the only element in O₂. As a result,

The oxidation state on O in O₂ will be 0.

$\rm\stackrel{+1}{K}\stackrel{\bf +5}{N}\stackrel{\bf -2}{O}_3 \to \stackrel{+1}{K}\stackrel{\bf+3}{N}\stackrel{\bf -2}{O}_2 + \stackrel{\bf 0}{O}_2$ .

The oxidation state on two oxygen atoms in KNO₃ increases from -2 to 0. These oxygen atoms are oxidized. KNO₃ is also the reducing agent.

The oxidation state on the nitrogen atom in KNO₃ decreases from +5 to +3. That nitrogen atom is reduced. As a result, KNO₃ is also the oxidizing agent.

<h3>Reaction A</h3>

Apply these steps to reaction A.

H₂:

Oxidation state on H: 0.

O₂:

Oxidation state on O: 0.

H₂O:

Oxidation state on H: +1.
Oxidation state on O: -2.
Double check: ${\bf 2} \times (+1) + (-2) = 0$ .

$\rm \stackrel{}{2}\; \stackrel{\bf 0}{H}_2 + \stackrel{\bf 0}{O}_2\stackrel{}{\to} \stackrel{}{2}\;\stackrel{\bf +1}{H}_2\stackrel{\bf -2}{O}$ .

The oxidation state on oxygen atoms decreases from 0 to -2. Those oxygen atoms are reduced. O₂ is thus the oxidizing agent.

The oxidation state on hydrogen atoms increases from 0 to +1. Those hydrogen atoms are oxidized. H₂ is thus the reducing agent.

4 0

3 years ago

Determine the specific heat (in J/g C) for a 2.508 kilogram substance which increases its temperature from 4.051 C to 42.061 C w

just olya [345]

Answer: 0.036 J/g°C

Explanation:

The quantity of heat energy (Q) required to raise the temperature of a substance depends on its Mass (M), specific heat capacity (C) and change in temperature (Φ)

Thus, Q = MCΦ

Given that,

Q = 3.42 Kilojoules

[Convert 3.42 kilojoules to joules

If 1 kilojoule = 1000 joules

3.42 kilojoules = 3.42 x 1000 = 3420J]

Mass = 2.508Kg

[Convert 2.508 kg to grams

If 1 kg = 1000 grams

2.508kg = 2.508 x 1000 = 2508g]

C = ? (let unknown value be Z)

Φ = (Final temperature - Initial temperature)

= 42.061°C - 4.051°C

= 38.01°C

Apply the formula, Q = MCΦ

3420J = 2508g x Z x 38.01°C

3420J = 95329.08g•°C x Z

Z = (3420J / 95329.08g•°C)

Z = 0.03588 J/g°C

Round the value of Z to the nearest thousandth, hence Z = 0.036 J/g°C

Thus, the specific heat of the substance is 0.036 J/g°C

7 0

3 years ago

The water lattice: a. is formed from hydrophobic bonds. b. causes ice to be denser than water. c. causes water to have a relativ

Alexus [3.1K]

Answer: Option (d) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

It is known that water loving bonds are called hydrophilic bonds and water hating bonds are called hydrophobic bonds. Since, water is a polar solvent and it is only able to dissolve polar molecules and not non-polar molecules.

Lattice of water and hydrogen bonding are responsible for the various properties of water like cohesion, adhesion, heat of vaporization etc.

Thus, we can conclude that water lattice excludes non-polar substances.

7 0

2 years ago

Which material property is most directly related to the x-axis value at the x-intercept of the interatomic force versus distance

Brrunno [24]

Answer:

Explanation:

The mechanical properties of a material affect how it behaves as it is loaded. The elastic modulus of the material affects how much it deflects under a load, and the strength of the material determines the stresses that it can withstand before it fails

3 0

1 year ago

Identify and label the Brønsted-Lowry acid, its conjugate base, the Brønsted-Lowry base, and its conjugate acid in each of the f

julia-pushkina [17]

Explanation:

As per Brønsted-Lowry concept of acids and bases, chemical species which donate proton are called Brønsted-Lowry acids.

The chemical species which accept proton are called Brønsted-Lowry base.

(a) $HNO_3 + H_2O \rightarrow H_3O^+ + NO_3^-$