A neutral ion would have the same number of protons and neutrons. The neutrons have no charge (they're neutral) so they don't matter when it comes to the charge of an ion. This ion has 30 protons (+) and 29 electrons (-). There is 1 more proton than there are electrons so the ion has a charge of 1 +.
When light passes from a less dense to a more dense substance, (for example passing from air into water), the light is refracted (or bent) towards the normal. In your question the light is moving from rarer to denser medium
