<span>c. energy needed to remove an electron from an atom or ion in the gas phase</span>
Heterozygous means A capital P with a lowercase p. There are two purple flowers in the Punnett square with Pp out of 4 possible options. 2/4 is 1/2 which is 50%. So there is a 50% chance of a purple heterozygous flower.
Hi, you have not provided structure of the aldehyde and alkoxide ion.
Therefore i'll show a mechanism corresponding to the proton transfer by considering a simple example.
Explanation: For an example, let's consider that proton transfer is taking place between a simple aldehyde e.g. acetaldehyde and a simple alkoxide base e.g. methoxide.
The hydrogen atom attached to the carbon atom adjacent to aldehyde group are most acidic. Hence they are removed by alkoxide preferably.
After removal of proton from aldehyde, a carbanion is generated. As it is a conjugated carbanion therefore the negative charge on carbon atom can conjugate through the carbonyl group to form an enolate which is another canonical form of the carbanion.
All the structures are shown below.
<span>Jet streams are the major means of transport for weather systems. A jet stream is an area of strong winds ranging from 120-250 mph that can be thousands of miles long, a couple of hundred miles across and a few miles deep. Jet streams usually sit at the boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere at a level called the tropopause. This means most jet streams are about 6-9 miles off the ground. Figure A is a cross section of a jet stream.
</span>
The dynamics of jet streams are actually quite complicated, so this is a very simplified version of what creates jets. The basic idea that drives jet formation is this: a strong horizontal temperature contrast, like the one between the North Pole and the equator, causes a dramatic increase in horizontal wind speed with height. Therefore, a jet stream forms directly over the center of the strongest area of horizontal temperature difference, or the front. As a general rule, a strong front has a jet stream directly above it that is parallel to it. Figure B shows that jet streams are positioned just below the tropopause (the red lines) and above the fronts, in this case, the boundaries between two circulation cells carrying air of different temperatures.
Arrangement of atoms or group of atoms in a three dimensional ordered pattern in a crystal is said to be a crystalline lattice. They are arranged in a specific pattern with high symmetry. The heating of the crystal at high temperature will result in the increase of vibrational kinetic energy of the atoms in the crystal and this will result in the breaking of lattice apart and due to the breaking of lattice apart the ions will flow freely.
Thus, the heating of a solid at high temperature will lead to the lattice breaks apart and ions will flow freely.
