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elena-s [515]
3 years ago
7

Two facing surfaces of two large parallel conducting plates separated by 8.5 cm have uniform surface charge densities such that

are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign. The difference in potential between the plates is 490 V.a. Is the positive or the negative plate at the higher potential?selecti. the positive plateii. the negative plateb. What is the magnitude of the electric field between the plates?____ kV/mc. An electron is released from rest next to the negatively charged surface. Find the work done by the electric field on the electron as the electron moves from the release point to the positive plate. Express your answer in both electron volts and joules.____ eV____ Jd. What is the change in potential energy of the electron when it moves from the release point to the positive plate?_____eVe. What is its kinetic energy when it reaches the positive plate?_____eV
Physics
1 answer:
elena-s [515]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

positive plate

E = 5.764 KV / m

W = 490eV or 7.85 * 10^-17 J

E_p = 4.74 *10^(-12) eV

E_k = 490 eV

Explanation:

part a

The potential difference between two plates = 490 V

Distance between two plates = 8.5 cm

Answer: The positive plate is at higher potential because of convention.

part b

Electric Field between the plates

E = V / d

E = 490 / 0.085 = 5.764 KV / m

Answer: Electric Field between the plates E = 5.764 KV / m

part c

Work done by electric field

W = V*q

W = 490 * 1.602*10^-19

W = 7.85 * 10^-17 J

or W = 490 eV

Answer: Work done by electric field W = 490eV or 7.85 * 10^-17 J

part d

Potential Energy of an electron gained:

E_p = m_e * g * d / (1.602*10^-19)

E_p =  9.109*10^-31* 9.81 * 0.085 / (1.602*10^-19)

E_p = 4.74 *10^(-12) eV

Very very small E_p approximately 0

Answer: Potential Energy of an electron gained E_p = 4.74 *10^(-12) eV or 0.

part e

Kinetic Energy of an electron gained:

W - E_p = E_k

E_k = 490eV - 4.74*10^(-12)eV

E_k = 490 eV

Answer: Kinetic Energy of an electron gained E_k = 490 eV

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Usain Bolt's world-record 100 m sprint on August 16, 2009, has been analyzed in detail. At the start of the race, the 94.0 kg Bo
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a) 893 N

b) 8.5 m/s

c) 3816 W

d) 69780 J

e) 8030 W

Explanation:

a)

The net force acting on Bolt during the acceleration phase can be written using Newton's second law of motion:

F_{net}=ma

where

m is Bolt's mass

a is the acceleration

In the first 0.890 s of motion, we have

m = 94.0 kg (Bolt's mass)

a=9.50 m/s^2 (acceleration)

So, the net force is

F_{net}=(94.0)(9.50)=893 N

And according to Newton's third law of motion, this force is equivalent to the force exerted by Bolt on the ground (because they form an action-reaction pair).

b)

Since Bolt's motion is a uniformly accelerated motion, we can find his final speed by using the following suvat equation:

v=u+at

where

v is the  final speed

u is the initial speed

a is the acceleration

t is the time

In the first phase of Bolt's race we have:

u = 0 m/s (he starts from rest)

a=9.50 m/s^2 (acceleration)

t = 0.890 s (duration of the first phase)

Solving for v,

v=0+(9.50)(0.890)=8.5 m/s

c)

First of all, we can calculate the work done by Bolt to accelerate to a speed of

v = 8.5 m/s

According to the work-energy theorem, the work done is equal to the change in kinetic energy, so

W=K_f - K_i = \frac{1}{2}mv^2-0

where

m = 94.0 kg is Bolt's mass

v = 8.5 m/s is Bolt's final speed after the first phase

K_i = 0 J is the initial kinetic energy

So the work done is

W=\frac{1}{2}(94.0)(8.5)^2=3396 J

The power expended is given by

P=\frac{W}{t}

where

t = 0.890 s is the time elapsed

Substituting,

P=\frac{3396}{0.890}=3816 W

d)

First of all, we need to find what is the average force exerted by Bolt during the remaining 8.69 s of motion.

In the first 0.890 s, the force exerted was

F_1=893 N

We know that the average force for the whole race is

F_{avg}=820 N

Which can be rewritten as

F_{avg}=\frac{0.890 F_1 + 8.69 F_2}{0.890+8.69}

And solving for F_2, we find the average force exerted by Bolt on the ground during the second phase:

F_{avg}=\frac{0.890 F_1 + 8.69 F_2}{0.890+8.69}\\F_2=\frac{(0.890+8.69)F_{avg}-0.890F_1}{8.69}=812.5 N

The net force exerted by Bolt during the second phase can be written as

F_{net}=F_2-D (1)

where D is the air drag.

The net force can also be rewritten as

F_{net}=ma

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a=\frac{v-u}{t} is the acceleration in the second phase, with

u = 8.5 m/s is the initial speed

v = 12.4 m/s is the final speed

t = 8.69 t is the time elapsed

Substituting,

a=\frac{12.4-8.5}{8.69}=0.45 m/s^2

So we can now find the average drag force from (1):

D=F_2-F_{net}=F_2-ma=812.5 - (94.0)(0.45)=770.2 N

So the increase in Bolt's internal energy is just equal to the work done by the drag force, so:

\Delta E=W=Ds

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d is Bolt's displacement in the second part, which can be found by using suvat equation:

s=\frac{v^2-u^2}{2a}=\frac{12.4^2-8.5^2}{2(0.45)}=90.6 m

And so,

\Delta E=Ds=(770.2)(90.6)=69780 J

e)

The power that Bolt must expend just to voercome the drag force is given by

P=\frac{\Delta E}{t}

where

\Delta E is the increase in internal energy due to the air drag

t is the time elapsed

Here we have:

\Delta E=69780 J

t = 8.69 s is the time elapsed

Substituting,

P=\frac{69780}{8.69}=8030 W

And we see that it is about twice larger than the power calculated in part c.

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