Question

What are the odds of nonsmokers developing cardiovascular disease when compared to smokers?

Answer 1

The probability ("odds") is smaller for nonsmokers when compared
to smokers.

If we had as much hard, reliable, repeatable, scientific evidence linking
cardiovascular disease with visits to the Empire State Building as we have
linking it with smoking, the Empire State Building would have been torn down
50 years ago.

Answer 2

Answer choices are:

a. Nonsmokers are four times more likely to develop cardiovascular disease.

b. Nonsmokers are twice as likely to develop cardiovascular disease.

c. Nonsmokers and smokers are equally likely to develop cardiovascular disease.

d. Nonsmokers are half as likely to develop cardiovascular disease.

____________________________________________________________

Correct answer choice is:

d. Nonsmokers are half as likely to develop cardiovascular disease.

____________________________________________________________

Explanation:

The consequence of previous or existing smoking on specific CVD risk parameters such as blood pressure and cholesterol appears to be of clinically trivial importance in personalities aged 46 years. In additional terms, smoking appears to be beyond all an unconventional risk factor for CVD in the working-age people. Stopping smoking in working age may thus decrease estimated CVD risk approximately to the equivalent level as personages who have never smoked.