A. Physics has changed the course of the world.
Answer:
Along path BC of the Otto cycle, heat transfer Qh into the gas occurs at constant volume, causing a further increase in pressure and temperature. This process corresponds to burning fuel in an internal combustion engine, and takes place so rapidly that the volume is nearly constant.
Answer:
a. dW = ∫pEsinθdθ b. W = p.E
Explanation:
a. We know torque τ = p × E = pEsinθ where θ is the angle between p and E
Let the torque τ rotate the dipole by an amount dθ. So, the workdone dW = ∫τdθ = ∫pEsinθdθ
b. So, the total work done is gotten by integrating from 90 to θ. So,
W = ∫₉₀⁰dW
= ∫₉₀⁰pEsinθdθ
= pE∫₉₀⁰sinθdθ
= pE(cosθ - cos90)
=pEcosθ
= p.E
