Answer:

Explanation:
The steps of the Ostwald process:



Combinning the equations:

+

+

=

Simplifying:


The overall reaction is endothermic becuase the formation of new chemical bonds requires energy consumption.
Answer:- 2.39 mL are required.
Solution:- It's a dilution problem and to solve this type of problems we use the dilution equation:

Where,
and
are molarities of concentrated and diluted solutions and
and
are their respective volumes.
= 1.10M
= 5.00mM = 0.005M (since, mM stands for milli molar and M stands for molar. 1M = 1000mM)
= ?
= 525 mL
Let's plug in the given values in the formula:



So, 2.39 mL of 1.10M are needed to make 525 mL of 5.00mM solution.
The function of mordant in the gram staining is to expose grams positive cell to the decolorizer which dissolves the lipids in the cell wall thus allowing the crystals violent-iodine to leach out of the cell. This facilitate the cell subsequently be stained by with safranin.