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Answer:
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Explanation:
Sample size, n=20
Degrees of freedom is 1
Number of degrees of freedom for error is n-2 hence 20-2=18
Total number of degrees of freedom is 18+1=19
Standard error estimate is
Here,
Coefficient of determination
Here,
The total sum of squares is
SS total=SSR+SSE=7200+1800=9000
MSR=SSR=7200
F value is given by
The ANOVA table is then
Answer:
True strain = 3.7704
Explanation:
Strain is the measure an object that is stretched or deformed. This occurs when a force is applied to an object. Strain deals mostly with the change in length of the object. Strain = Δ L /L = Change in Length over the original Length:
Volume Constancy :
ΔL/L0=A0/ΔA=(D0/ ΔD)=(25mm/0.75mm)^2
ΔL/L0=44.4
Engineering strain:
Engineering strain =ΔL-L0/L0=ΔL/L0-1
Engineering strain =44.4-1=43.4
True strain, ε=In(ΔL/L0)=In(43.4)=3.7704
Note that strain has no unit, so the True strain = 3.7704
Answer:
1) q=18414.93 W
2) C=12920$
Explanation:
Given data:
pipe length L=25m
pipe diameter D=100mm =0.1 m
air temperature
=
=25
°C.....= 298.15k
pipe surface temp
=150
°C.....=423.15k
surface emissivity e= 0.8
boiler efficiency η=0.90
natural gas price Cg=$0.02 per MJ
1) Total heat loss and radiation heat loss combined
q=
q=
б(
^4-
^4)]....... (1)
б=5.67×10^-8 W/m^2K^4 (boltzmann constant)
area A =L.Dπ=25×0.1π=7.85 m^2
putting all these values in eq (1)
q=18414.93 W
2) suppose boiler is operating non stop annual energy loss will be
E=q.t
=18414.93.3600.24.365
=5.81×10^11 J
to find furnace energy consumption
Ef =E/η
=6.46×10^5 MJ
annual cost
C=Cg. Ef
=12920$
Answer:
a) Zero
b) the rate of entropy generation in the system's universe = ds/dt = 0.2603 KW/K
Explanation:
a) In steady state
Net rate of Heat transfer = net rate of heat gain - net rate of heat lost
Hence, the rate of heat transfer = 0
b) In steady state, entropy generated
ds/dt = - [ Qgain/Th1 + Qgain/Th2 - Qlost/300 K]
Substituting the given values, we get –
ds/dt = -[5/1500 + 3/1000 – (5+3)/300]
ds/dt = - [0.0033 + 0.003 -0.2666]
ds/dt = 0.2603 KW/K