All halogens are stable so they have 8 electrons in their last shell
Answer:
Only
gives spontaneous reaction.
Explanation:
A redox reaction will be spontaneous if standard reduction potential (
) of the reaction is positive. Because it leads to negative standard gibbs free energy change (
), which is a thermodynamic condition for spontaneity of a reaction.

Where
and
represents standard reduction potential of reduction half cell and standard reduction potential of oxidation half cell.
(1) Oxidation:
; 
Reduction:
; 
So, 
Hence this pair will give spontaneous reaction.
(2) Similarly as above, 
Hence this pair will give non-spontaneous reaction.
(3) Similarly as above, 
Hence this pair will give non-spontaneous reaction.
(4) Similarly as above, 
Hence this pair will give non-spontaneous reaction.
Answer:
Second Law
Explanation:
Newton's second law states that the acceleration caused in a body is directly proportional to the force applied and inversely proportion to the mass of the body.
This is given by :

In this case the suggestion given to reduce the aircraft's cargo load is the right move as reducing the load on the aircraft will decrease the mass of the whole aircraft. This in turn will help the aircraft to accelerate more as acceleration inversely varies with mass. Thus the aircraft will be able to reach its flying speed even on a short run way.
Hence, Newton's second law is applied.
Answer:<span> a) the process for the first ionization energy
</span>
<span>Every time you take a electron you're requiring more and more energy. Expelling the first one
will require less energy than expelling the second and the second will
require less than the third, and so on.
When you take the first one, the atom becomes positive and with that the negative forces of the electron will be more attracted to the positive
charge. The more electrons that are lost, the
more positive this ion will become, causing it to be more difficult to separate the
electrons from the atom.
</span>
Missing in your question:
Picture (1)
when its an open- tube manometer and the h = 52 cm.
when the pressure of the atmosphere is equal the pressure of the gas plus the pressure from the mercury column 52 Cm so, we can get the pressure of the gas from this formula:
P(atm) = P(gas) + height (Hg)
∴P(gas) = P(atm) - height (Hg)
= 0.975 - (520/760)
= 0.29 atm
Note: I have divided 520 mm Hg by 760 to convert it to atm
Picture (2)
The pressure of the gas is the pressure experts by the column of mercury and when we have the Height (Hg)= 67mm
So the pressure of the gas =P(atm) + Height (Hg)
= 0.975 + (67/ 760) = 1.06 atm
Picture (3)
As the tube is closed SO here the pressure of the gas is equal the height of the mercury column, and when we have the height (Hg) = 103 mm. so, we can get the P(gas) from this formula:
P(gas) = Height(Hg)
= (103/760) = 0.136 atm