Answer: A weak acid titrated by a strong base
Explanation:
The graph refers to the titration of a weak acid such as Hydrofluoric acid with a strong base such as Sodium Hydoxide. What happens is that as the process begins, the pH rises quickly as there is little resistance to the base.
After some time the solution formed begins to act as a buffer between the remaining acid and the base. This reduces the pH change rate and will continue until the base overcomes the solution's buffering capacity.
The Equivalence point which is where the acid will be at it's base form, will be at a pH of 8.6.
I have attached a graph showing the process for better understanding.
Answer:
H2 < CH3Cl < HF
Explanation:
The intermolecular forces are the forces that bond the molecules together in a substance. There are three types of these forces:
- Dipole induced -dipole induced, or London dispersion -> Is the weakest and is presented in nonpolar molecules, in which a dipole is induced and so the molecules are joined together;
- Dipole-dipole -> Is stronger than the London dispersion and occurs in a polar molecule. In this case, the dipole already exists (partial positive and negative charges), so the poles are attracted;
- Hydrogen bond -> It's the strongest and is formed when the hydrogen is bonded with a higher electronegativity element (F, O, and N).
So, the molecule of H2 is linear and formed by the same element, so, is nonpolar, and has London dispersion forces. The molecule of CH3Cl has 3 nonpolar bonds (C-H), and one polar bond (C-Cl), so it's polar and has dipole-dipole forces. And the HF molecule has hydrogen bonds.
*A polar bond is a bond formed by elements with different electronegativities.
In metals, some of the electrons (often one per atom) are not stuck to individual atoms but flow freely among the atoms. Of course, that's why metals are such good conductors of electricity. Now if one end of a bar is hot, and the other is cold, the electrons on the hot end have a little more thermal energy- random jiggling- than the ones on the cold end. So as the electrons wander around, they carry energy from the hot end to the cold end, which is another way of saying they conduct heat.
Here, sodium is a metal which possesses an extra (valence) electron carries the heat around its body as it is a free electron, which enables sodium to conduct thermal energy.
Hope this help :)
P orbitals have 3 sub-shells, each of which can hold one pair of electrons that have opposing spins. This leads to p orbitals holding a maximum of 6 electrons
