The element silver exists in nature as two isotopes: 107Ag has a mass of 106.9051 u, and 109Ag has a mass of 108.9048 u. The ave
rage atomic mass of silver is 107.87 u. Calculate the relative abundance (as percentages) of the two silver isotopes.
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Each neutral carbon atom contains four valence electrons and may form up to four electron domains. Possible hybridizations include
, four electron domains, as in ethane
, three electron domains, as in ethene
, two electron domains, as in ethyne
Molecules of each of the three hybridization demonstrate spatial configurations that would maximizes the separation between the electron domains.
- Carbon atoms with a
- Carbon atoms with a
- Carbon atoms with a
Bond angles are characteristic of the spatial configuration of electron domains and identifies the hybridization of the central carbon atom.
Note that each hydrogen atom contains only one valence electron and would form only single bonds. It takes two valence electrons for oxygen atoms to achieve an octet such that each oxygen form only two bonds at a single time. Therefore given the fact that the carbon is bonded to both hydrogen and oxygen, only the following hybridizations are possible