Answer:
Explanation:
Particles in all states of matter are in constant motion and this is very rapid at room temperature. A rise in temperature increases the kinetic energy and speed of particles; it does not weaken the forces between them. The particles in solids vibrate about fixed positions; even at very low temperatures.
Even with all of these state changes, it is important to remember that the substance stays the same—it is still water, which consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Changing states of matter are only physical changes; the chemical properties of the matter stays the same regardless of its physical state!
The cutoff frequency for magnesium is 8.93 x 10¹⁴ Hz.
<h3>What is cutoff frequency?</h3>
The work function is related to the frequency as
W0 = h x fo
where, fo = cutoff frequency and h is the Planck's constant
Given is the work function for magnesium is 3.70 eV.
fo = 3.7 x 1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ / 6.626 x 10⁻³⁴
fo = 8.93 x 10¹⁴ Hz.
Thus, the cut off frequency is 8.93 x 10¹⁴ Hz.
Learn more about cutoff frequency.
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In other words a infinitesimal segment dV caries the charge
<span>dQ = ρ dV </span>
<span>Let dV be a spherical shell between between r and (r + dr): </span>
<span>dV = (4π/3)·( (r + dr)² - r³ ) </span>
<span>= (4π/3)·( r³ + 3·r²·dr + 3·r·(dr)² + /dr)³ - r³ ) </span>
<span>= (4π/3)·( 3·r²·dr + 3·r·(dr)² + /dr)³ ) </span>
<span>drop higher order terms </span>
<span>= 4·π·r²·dr </span>
<span>To get total charge integrate over the whole volume of your object, i.e. </span>
<span>from ri to ra: </span>
<span>Q = ∫ dQ = ∫ ρ dV </span>
<span>= ∫ri→ra { (b/r)·4·π·r² } dr </span>
<span>= ∫ri→ra { 4·π·b·r } dr </span>
<span>= 2·π·b·( ra² - ri² ) </span>
<span>With given parameters: </span>
<span>Q = 2·π · 3µC/m²·( (6cm)² - (4cm)² ) </span>
<span>= 2·π · 3×10⁻⁶C/m²·( (6×10⁻²m)² - (4×10⁻²m)² ) </span>
<span>= 3.77×10⁻⁸C </span>
<span>= 37.7nC</span>
It is important to maintain septic systems in order to <span>prevent untreated sewage from contaminating groundwater</span>
Answer:
Explanation:
Given:
- mass of vehicle,
- radius of curvature,
- coefficient of friction,
<u>During the turn to prevent the skidding of the vehicle its centripetal force must be equal to the opposite balancing frictional force:</u>
where:
coefficient of friction
normal reaction force due to weight of the car
velocity of the car
is the maximum velocity at which the vehicle can turn without skidding.
