Remembering the equation for Coulombic attraction, we know that an electrostatic attraction between two charges is directly proportional to the product of the two charges and inversely proportional to the square of a distance between them. This is modeled by the equation:
The attraction force we are analyzing in this problem occurs between a nucleus of a halogen and its valence electrons. Essentially, according to the equation, the greater the distance between a nucleus and valence electrons, the lower the attraction force. This implies that a valence electron would be lost more easily from an atom which has the highest radius.
Going down the group, the number of electron shells increases and the radius of halogens increases. This means that fluorine has the smallest radius and attracts its valence electrons strongest.
Fluorine has 9 electrons. Florine atom will have only two orbits in which the electrons will revolve around the nucleus. First orbit will have two electrons. The second orbit will have seven electrons. These orbits will be pulled by a greater force by the nucleus of an atom. Hence, they will be less likely to lose an electron.
Other atoms of the group 17 have more orbits hence, the space between the nucleus and the outermost orbit is greater than that of fluorine atoms. Hence, they will have more chances of losing an electron as compared to fluorine.
Chickens lay eggs depending on the time of year. The number of daylight hours affect when they start laying and stop laying. If you artificially provide <span>light, the chickens will start laying. </span>
Use PV=nRT to solve the equation. You need to solve for n (number of moles). Don’t forget to convert the temperature to kelvins by adding 25+273. Use 0.082057 for R.
Of any substance? What about two powders such as 1/2 cup of white flour, then mixing 1/2 cup of salt together with the flour. This would then form a more coarse mixture being that the two particles differ in shape.
Besides building teeth and bones, calcium also keeps your blood and muscles moving and helps your nerves send messages from your brain to the rest of your body. Your body can't make calcium, so you need to get it from food or supplements. While you're pregnant, try to get at least 1,000 mg of calcium every day.
