I believe c is the right answer.
Over the ocean, the temperature rises much slower, because the water evaporates causing the hot molecules to go into the atmosphere, and the overall temperature of the water doesn't increase much, this causes the area without the water to be much hotter.
He set up his periodic table by the atomic mass
I say both equinox because winter solstice has the least amount of sunlight and the summer solstice has the most ampunt of daylight so i said both equinox