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ANTONII [103]
3 years ago
8

En un vaso de precipitado de un litro se coloca exactamente 500 mL de agua destilada a temperatura ambiente y se realizan dos ex

perimentos.
a) Primero: Se congela a 0°C y se observa que su volumen aumenta.
b) Segundo: Se evapora durante el día y se observa que su volumen disminuye a 400 mL.

Preguntas:
1. ¿Cuál es la masa de agua a temperatura ambiente?
2. ¿Cuál es la masa de agua cuando se congela?
3. ¿Cuál es la masa de agua que queda después de la evaporación?
4. ¿Qué masa de agua se evaporó?
Chemistry
1 answer:
Serga [27]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

1) La masa del agua a temperatura ambiente es de 500 gramos, 2) La masa del agua cuando se congela es de 500 gramos, 3) La masa de agua que queda después de la evaporación es de 400 gramos, 4) Se ha evaporado 100 gramos de agua.

Explanation:

1) <em>¿Cuál es la masa de agua a temperatura ambiente?</em>

Podemos determinar la masa inicial del agua (m_{o}), medido en gramos, al conocer su densidad (\rho_{w}), medida en gramos por mililitro, y volumen inicial ocupado en el vaso de precipitado (V_{o}), medido en mililitros, a partir de la siguiente expresión:

m_{o} =\rho_{w}\cdot V_{o}

Si sabemos que \rho_{w} = 1\,\frac{g}{mL} y V_{o} = 500\,mL, entonces:

m_{o} = \left(1\,\frac{g}{mL} \right)\cdot (500\,mL)

m_{o} = 500\,g

La masa del agua a temperatura ambiente es de 500 gramos.

2) <em>¿Cuál es la masa de agua cuando se congela?</em>

Puesto que el proceso de congelación no implica transferencia de masa, la masa de agua se conserva al transformarse en hielo. Por tanto, la masa resultante es de 500 gramos.

3) <em>¿Cuál es la masa de agua que queda después de la evaporación?</em>

Durante la evaporación una parte del agua es transferida al aire, entonces podemos calcular la masa final (m_{f}), medido en gramos, de la sustancia al multiplicar el volumen final (V_{f}), medido en mililitros, por la densidad del agua (\rho_{w}), medida en gramos por mililitro,. Es decir,

m_{f} =\rho_{w}\cdot V_{f}

Si sabemos que \rho_{w} = 1\,\frac{g}{mL} y V_{f} = 400\,mL, entonces:

m_{f} = \left(1\,\frac{g}{mL} \right)\cdot (400\,mL)

m_{f} = 400\,g

La masa de agua que queda después de la evaporación es de 400 gramos.

4) <em>¿Qué masa de agua se evaporó? </em>

Determinamos que la masa evaporada de agua (m_{v}), medida en gramos, es igual a la diferencia entre las masas inicial y final, ambas medidas en gramos:

m_{v} =m_{o}-m_{f}

Si m_{o} = 500\,g y m_{f} = 400\,g, entonces tenemos que:

m_{v} = 500\,g -400\,g

m_{v} = 100\,g

Se ha evaporado 100 gramos de agua.

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