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Korolek [52]
3 years ago
11

4.41 g of propane gas (C3H8) is injected into a bomb calorimeter and ignited with excess oxygen, according to the reaction below

. The calorimeter (including the water) has a heat capacity of 97.1 kJ/°C. C3H8(g) + 5 O2(g)  3 CO2(g) + 4 H2O() (a) If the temperature rose from 25.000°C to 27.282°C, what is the heat of the reaction, qrxn?
Chemistry
1 answer:
gayaneshka [121]3 years ago
6 0

Answer :  The heat of the reaction is -221.6 kJ

Explanation :

Heat released by the reaction = Heat absorbed by the calorimeter

q_{rxn}=-q_{cal}

q_{cal}=c_{cal}\times \Delta T

where,

q_{rxn} = heat released by the reaction = ?

q_{cal} = heat absorbed by the calorimeter

c_{cal} = specific heat of calorimeter = 97.1kJ/^oC=97100J/^oC

\Delta T = change in temperature = (T_{final}-T_{initial})=(27.282-25.000)=2.282^oC

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:

q_{cal}=(97100J/^oC)\times (2.282^oC)

q_{cal}=221582.2J=221.6kJ

As, q_{rxn}=-q_{cal}

So, q_{rxn}=-221.6kJ

Thus, the heat of the reaction is -221.6 kJ

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Radiation effects on electrical equipment depend on the equipment and on the type of ionizing radiation to which it is exposed.

 

First, beta radiation has little, if any, effect on electrical equipment because this type of ionizing radiation is easily shielded. The equipment housing and the construction of the parts within the housing will protect the equipment from beta-radiation (high-energy electrons) exposure.

 

Gamma radiation is penetrating and can affect most electrical equipment. Simple equipment (like motors, switches, incandescent lights, wiring, and solenoids) is very radiation resistant and may never show any radiation effects, even after a very large radiation exposure. Diodes and computer chips (electronics) are much more sensitive to gamma radiation. To give you a comparison of effects, it takes a radiation dose of about 5 Sv to cause death to most people. Diodes and computer chips will show very little functional detriment up to about 50 to 100 Sv. Also, some electronics can be "hardened" (made to be not affected as much by larger gamma radiation doses) by providing shielding or by selecting radiation-resistant materials.

 

Some electronics do exhibit a recovery after being exposed to gamma radiation, after the radiation is stopped. But the recovery is hardly ever back to 100% functionality. Also, if the electronics are exposed to gamma radiation while unpowered, the gamma radiation effects are less.

 

Ionizing radiation breaks down the materials within the electrical equipment. For example, when wiring is exposed to gamma rays, no change is noticed until the wiring is flexed or bent. The wire's insulation becomes brittle and will break and may cause shorts in the equipment. The effect on diodes and computer chips is a bit more complex. The gamma rays disrupt the crystalline nature of the inside of the electronic component. Its function is degraded and then fails as more gamma radiation exposure is received by the electronic component.

 

Gamma rays do not affect the signals within the device or the signals received by the device. Nonionizing radiation (like radio signals, microwaves, and electromagnetic pulses) DO mess with the signals within and received by the device. I put a cheap electronic game in my microwave oven at home. It arced and sparked and was totally ruined. I didn’t waste any more of my time playing that game.

Hope this helps.

Explanation:

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3 years ago
A solution of sodium chloride in water has a vapor pressure of 19.6 torr at 25°C. What is the mole fraction of NaCl in this solu
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Answer:

Mole fraction of Nacl is 0.173

Explanation:

we know that

P_{sol}=\chi_{solvent}P^0_{solvent}

where,

P sol  - the vapor pressure of the solution

χ  solvent - the mole fraction of the solvent

P ∘ solvent  - the vapor pressure of the pure solvent

This means that in order to be able to calculate the mole fraction of sodium chloride, you need to know what the vapor pressure of pure water is at  

25 ° C  You can use an online calculator to find that the vapor pressure of pure water at  25 C  is equal to about  23.8 torr .

\chi_{water}= \frac{P{sol}}{P^0{water}}

\chi_{water}= \frac{19.6}{23.8}

=0.827

Also we know that

\chi_{water}+\chi_{Nacl}= 1

This means that the mole fraction of sodium chloride is

χ_{Nacl}= 1-Χ_{water}

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A sample of metal has a mass of 5. 2 g and absorbs 20. 0 j of energy as it is heated from 30. 0°c to 40. 0°c. What is the identi
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The identity of the metal is copper.

<h3>What is specific heat?</h3>

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius.

Using the formula of specific heat

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Where, H = Heat absorbed

m = mass of the metal

c = specific heat capacity of the metal

dT = temperature change

Putting the values in the equation

20 J = 0.0052 Kg × c × ( 40.0°C - 30.0°C)

c = 20 J/0.0052 Kg × ( 40.0°C - 30.0°C)

c = 385 JKg-1°C-1

Thus, the metal is copper.

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