When looking at this question, we can easily start by eliminating certain answers. In the selections you've provided, you've shown atmosphere. We can easily eliminate letter A, as that makes absolutely no sense. Moving on, you also eliminate letter B, as that deals with ecosystems and whatnot. And finally, you can eliminate hydrosphere, letter C - as that's not the same. That deals with water, like oceans or rivers.
That leaves you with D) Lithosphere for your answer. The Lithosphere is the rigid part of the earth, the outermost layer, I would say. The crust / mantle. That's why it would be letter D - plate tectonics seem to have relations with the Lithosphere. The lithosphere is affected.
