1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
AnnZ [28]
3 years ago
10

Someone has suggested that the air-standard Otto cycle is more accurate if the two polytropic processes are replaced with isentr

opic processes. Consider such a cycle when the compression ratio is 8, P1 = 95 kPa, T1 = 15°C, and the maximum cycle temperature is 900°C. Determine the heat transferred to and rejected from this cycle, as well as the cycle’s thermal efficiency. Use constant specific heats at room temperature. The properties of air at room temperature are cp = 1.005 kJ/kg·K, cv = 0.718 kJ/kg·K, R = 0.287 kJ/kg·K, and k = 1.4.
Engineering
1 answer:
omeli [17]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

q_net,in = 585.8 KJ/kg

q_net,out = 304 KJ/kg

n = 0.481

Explanation:

Given:

- The compression ratio r = 8

- The pressure at state 1, P_1 = 95 KPa

- The minimum temperature at state 1, T_L = 15 C

- The maximum temperature T_H = 900 C

- Poly tropic index n = 1.3

Find:

a) Determine the heat transferred to and rejected from this cycle

b) cycle’s thermal efficiency

Solution:

- For process 1-2, heat is rejected to sink throughout. The Amount of heat rejected q_1,2, can be computed by performing a Energy balance as follows:

                                   W_out - Q_out = Δ u_1,2

- Assuming air to be an ideal gas, and the poly-tropic compression process is isentropic:

                         c_v*(T_2 - T_L) = R*(T_2 - T_L)/n-1 - q_1,2

- Using polytropic relation we will convert T_2 = T_L*r^(n-1):

                  c_v*(T_L*r^(n-1) - T_L) = R*(T_1*r^(n-1) - T_L)/n-1 - q_1,2

- Hence, we have:

                             q_1,2 = T_L *(r^(n-1) - 1)* ( (R/n-1) - c_v)

- Plug in the values:

                             q_1,2 = 288 *(8^(1.3-1) - 1)* ( (0.287/1.3-1) - 0.718)

                            q_1,2= 60 KJ/kg

- For process 2-3, heat is transferred into the system. The Amount of heat added q_2,3, can be computed by performing a Energy balance as follows:

                                          Q_in = Δ u_2,3

                                         q_2,3 = u_3 - u_2

                                         q_2,3 = c_v*(T_H - T_2)  

- Again, using polytropic relation we will convert T_2 = T_L*r^(n-1):

                                         q_2,3 = c_v*(T_H - T_L*r^(n-1) )    

                                         q_2,3 = 0.718*(1173-288*8(1.3-1) )

                                        q_2,3 = 456 KJ/kg

- For process 3-4, heat is transferred into the system. The Amount of heat added q_2,3, can be computed by performing a Energy balance as follows:

                                     q_3,4 - w_in = Δ u_3,4

- Assuming air to be an ideal gas, and the poly-tropic compression process is isentropic:

                           c_v*(T_4 - T_H) = - R*(T_4 - T_H)/1-n +  q_3,4

- Using polytropic relation we will convert T_4 = T_H*r^(1-n):

                  c_v*(T_H*r^(1-n) - T_H) = -R*(T_H*r^(1-n) - T_H)/n-1 + q_3,4

- Hence, we have:

                             q_3,4 = T_H *(r^(1-n) - 1)* ( (R/1-n) + c_v)

- Plug in the values:

                             q_3,4 = 1173 *(8^(1-1.3) - 1)* ( (0.287/1-1.3) - 0.718)

                            q_3,4= 129.8 KJ/kg

- For process 4-1, heat is lost from the system. The Amount of heat rejected q_4,1, can be computed by performing a Energy balance as follows:

                                          Q_out = Δ u_4,1

                                         q_4,1 = u_4 - u_1

                                         q_4,1 = c_v*(T_4 - T_L)  

- Again, using polytropic relation we will convert T_4 = T_H*r^(1-n):

                                         q_4,1 = c_v*(T_H*r^(1-n) - T_L )    

                                         q_4,1 = 0.718*(1173*8^(1-1.3) - 288 )

                                        q_4,1 = 244 KJ/kg

- The net gain in heat can be determined from process q_3,4 & q_2,3:

                                         q_net,in = q_3,4+q_2,3

                                         q_net,in = 129.8+456

                                         q_net,in = 585.8 KJ/kg

- The net loss of heat can be determined from process q_1,2 & q_4,1:

                                         q_net,out = q_4,1+q_1,2

                                         q_net,out = 244+60

                                         q_net,out = 304 KJ/kg

- The thermal Efficiency of a Otto Cycle can be calculated:

                                         n = 1 - q_net,out / q_net,in

                                         n = 1 - 304/585.8

                                         n = 0.481

You might be interested in
Consider the following grooves, each of width W, that have been machined from a solid block of material. (a) For each case obtai
kogti [31]

Answer:A certain vehicle loses 3.5% of its value each year. If the vehicle has an initial value of $11,168, construct a model that represents the value of the vehicle after a certain number of years. Use your model to compute the value of the vehicle at the end of 6 years.

Explanation:

8 0
3 years ago
Consider the expansion of a gas at a constant temperature in a water-cooled piston-cylinder system. The constant temperature is
Leona [35]

Answer:

Q_{in} = W_{out} = nRT ln (\frac{V_{2}}{V_{1}})

Explanation:

According to the first thermodynamic law, the energy must be conserved so:

dQ = dU - dW

Where Q is the heat transmitted to the system, U is the internal energy and W is the work done by the system.

This equation can be solved by integration between an initial and a final state:

(1) \int\limits^1_2 {} \, dQ = \int\limits^1_2 {} \, dU - \int\limits^1_2 {} \, dW

As per work definition:

dW = F*dr

For pressure the force F equials the pressure multiplied by the area of the piston, and considering dx as the displacement:

dW = PA*dx

Here A*dx equals the differential volume of the piston, and considering that any increment in volume is a work done by the system, the sign is negative, so:

dW = - P*dV

So the third integral in equation (1) is:

\int\limits^1_2 {- P} \, dV

Considering the gas as ideal, the pressure can be calculated as P = \frac{n*R*T}{V}, so:

\int\limits^1_2 {- P} \, dV = \int\limits^1_2 {- \frac{n*R*T}{V}} \, dV

In this particular case as the systems is closed and the temperature constant, n, R and T are constants:

\int\limits^1_2 {- \frac{n*R*T}{V}} \, dV = -nRT \int\limits^1_2 {\frac{1}{V}} \, dV

Replacion this and solving equation (1) between state 1 and 2:

\int\limits^1_2 {} \, dQ = \int\limits^1_2 {} \, dU + nRT \int\limits^1_2 {\frac{1}{V}} \, dV

Q_{2} - Q_{1} = U_{2} - U_{1} + nRT(ln V_{2} - ln V_{1})

Q_{2} - Q_{1} = U_{2} - U_{1} + nRT ln \frac{V_{2}}{V_{1}}

The internal energy depends only on the temperature of the gas, so there is no internal energy change U_{2} - U_{1} = 0, so the heat exchanged to the system equals the work done by the system:

Q_{in} = W_{out} = nRT ln (\frac{V_{2}}{V_{1}})

4 0
3 years ago
Thin film deposition is a process where: a)-elemental, alloy, or compound thin films are deposited onto a bulk substrate! b)-Pho
marshall27 [118]

Answer:

(A) elemental, alloy, or compound thin films are deposited on to a bulk substrate

Explanation:

In film deposition there is process of depositing of material in form of thin films whose size varies between the nano meters to micrometers onto a surface. The material can be a single element a alloy or a compound.

This technology is very useful in semiconductor industries, in solar panels in CD drives etc

so from above discussion it is clear that option (a) will be the correct answer

8 0
3 years ago
Guys i need help and some ones please help me
Dmitriy789 [7]

Answer:

4. A series of steps engineers use to solve problems.

Explanation:

The process of engineering design is a sequence of procedures that engineers pursue to arrive at a solution to a specific problem. Most times the solution includes creating a product such as a computer code, which fulfills certain conditions or performs a function. If the project in-hand includes designing, constructing, and testing it, then engineers probably adopt the design process. Steps of the process include defining the problem, doing background research,  specifying requirements, brainstorming solutions, etc.

4 0
3 years ago
Consider the following relational database that Best Airlines uses to keep track of its mechanics, their skills, and their airpo
Musya8 [376]

Answer:

Explanation:

A)

SELECT MECHNAME,AGE FROM MECHANIC;

B)

SELECT AIRNAME,SIZE FROM AIRPORT WHERE SIZE>=20 AND STATE='CALIFORNIA' AND YEAROPENED >=1935 ORDER BY SIZE ASC;

C)

SELECT AIRNAME,SIZE FROM AIRPORT WHERE (SIZE>=20 OR YEAROPENED >=1935) AND STATE='CALIFORNIA';

D)

SELECT AVG(SIZE) FROM AIRPORT WHERE STATE='CALIFORNIA' AND YEAROPENED >=1935;

E)

SELECT COUNT(AIRNAME) FROM AIRPORT WHERE STATE='CALIFORNIA' AND YEAROPENED >=1935;

F)

SELECT COUNT(AIRNAME),STATE FROM AIRPORT WHERE YEAROPENED>=1935 GROUP BY STATE;

G)

SELECT COUNT(AIRNAME),STATE FROM AIRPORT WHERE YEAR OPENED>=1935 GROUP BY STATE HAVING COUNT(*)>=5;

H)

SELECT MECHNAME FROM MECHANIC A JOIN AIRPORT B

ON A.AIRNAME=B.AIRNAME AND B.STATE='CALIFORNIA';

I)  

SELECT MECHNAME FROM MECHANIC A

JOIN QUALIFICATION B

ON A.MECHNUM=B.MECHNUM

AND B.PROFRATE=4

JOIN SKILL C

ON B.SKILLNUM=C.SKILLNUM

AND SKILLNAME='FAN BLADE RELACEMENT';

J)  SELECT MECHNAME FROM MECHANIC A

JOIN QUALIFICATION B

ON A.MECHNUM=B.MECHNUM

AND B.PROFRATE=4

JOIN SKILL C

ON B.SKILLNUM=C.SKILLNUM

AND SKILL NAME='FAN BLADE REPLACEMENT'

JOIN AIRPORT D

ON A.AIRNAME=D.AIRNAME

AND STATE='CALIFORNIA';

K)   SELECT SUM(SALARY),CITY FROM MECHANIC A

JOIN AIRPORT B

ON A.AIRNAME=B.AIRNAME

AND STATE='CALIFORNIA'

GROUP BY CITY;

L)   SELECT MAX(SIZE) FROM AIRPORT ;

M)  SELECT MAX(SIZE) FROM AIRPORT WHERE STATE='CALIFORNIA';

6 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • A mass of air occupying a volume of 0.15m^3 at 3.5 bar and 150 °C is allowed [13] to expand isentropically to 1.05 bar. Its enth
    11·1 answer
  • Air at 2.5 bar, 400 K is extracted from a main jet engine compressor for cabin cooling. The extracted air enters a heat exchange
    14·2 answers
  • Prompt the user to enter five numbers, being five people's weights. Store the numbers in an array of doubles. Output the array's
    11·2 answers
  • What’s the population in the world and why does it keep increasing in bad areas.
    8·1 answer
  • Which of the following units of measurement is denoted by a single apostrophe mark (')?
    6·1 answer
  • Exercises
    12·1 answer
  • Construct a link mechanism of crank oa 30mm rotating clockwise rod ab 100mm and bc 50mm
    13·1 answer
  • Who made the frist ever car
    13·2 answers
  • It is important to follow correct procedures when running electrical cables next to data cables in order to protect against whic
    6·1 answer
  • What are the horizontal structures beneath a slab that help transfer the load from the slab to the columns?
    14·2 answers
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!