Explanation:
Natural transmutation is the spontaneous disintegration of a heavy nuclide into lighter ones or fusion of lighter nuclides into heavier ones. These processes occurs naturally without anything inducing them. Nuclear fission of light elements in the core of stars is an example of natural transmutation.
- Typically, all nuclei with atomic number greater than 83 are naturally radioactive.
²³⁸₉₂U → ²³⁴₉₂Th + ⁴₂He
In artificial transmutation, nuclear reactions are initiated through the collision of a nuclide with a high speed particle. Here, unstable nuclei are produced artificially in nuclear reactions. Such unstable nuclei also produce radiations.
¹₀n + ²³₁₁Na → ²⁴₁₁Na + γ
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Transmutation brainly.com/question/3433940
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Answer:
18. Liters
19. grams
20. meters
21. meters
22. liters or mass (not sure on this one) it depends
23. grams
The activation energy Ea can be related to rate constant (k) at temperature (T) through the equation:
ln(k2/k1) = Ea/R[1/T1 - 1/T2]
where :
k1 is the rate constant at temperature T1
k2 is the rate constant at temperature T2
R = gas constant = 8.314 J/K-mol
Given data:
k1 = 0.543 s-1; T1 = 25 C = 25+273 = 298 K
k2 = 6.47 s-1; T = 47 C = 47+273 = 320 K
ln(6.47/0.543) = Ea/8.314 [1/298 - 1/320]
2.478 = 2.774 *10^-5 Ea
Ea = 0.8934*10^5 J = 89.3 kJ
Galactic recycling is a natural phenomenon in which the stars expel some gas into the space so that it would mix with the interstellar medium. As a result, this would produce new younger stars. So, basically, the concept done here is the mass and energy conservation. In order to create new species, the energy must come from another source.
