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3 years ago

21.Why are throttling devices commonly used in refrigeration and air-conditioning applications?

Engineering

1 answer:

Sloan [31]3 years ago

5 0

Answer is given below

Explanation:

we know that some common types of throttling devices are

Hard -throttling devices
Capillary valve
Constant pressure throttling devices
Thermostatic expansion valve
Float expansion valve

so here throttling devices commonly used in refrigeration and air-conditioning because

To reduce the coolant pressure, the high pressure of the refrigerant from the condenser is necessary to reduce the evaporation to obtain evaporation at the right temperature
To meet the refrigerated load, the throttling valve flows through the coolant to cool the load at high temperatures.

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Given a two-dimensional steady inviscid air flow field with no body forces described by the velocity field given below. Assuming

kolbaska11 [484]

Answer:

the pressure gradient in the x direction = -15.48Pa/m

Explanation:

The concept of partial differentiation was used in the determination of the expression for u and v.
each is partially differentiated with respect to x and the appropriate substitution was done to get the value of the pressure gradient as shown in the attached file.

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3 years ago

The tolerance for a geometric can be easily identified by reading the _________.

baherus [9]

Answer:

Explanation:

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3 years ago

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A four-cylinder, four-stroke internal combustion engine has a bore of 3.7 in. and a stroke of 3.4 in. The clearance volume is 16

Bad White [126]

Answer:

the net work per cycle $\mathbf{W_{net} = 0.777593696}$ Btu per cycle

the power developed by the engine, W = 88.0144746 hp

Explanation:

the information given includes;

diameter of the four-cylinder bore = 3.7 in

length of the stroke = 3.4 in

The clearance volume = 16% = 0.16

The cylindrical volume $V_2 = 0.16 V_1$

the crankshaft N rotates at a speed of 2400 RPM.

At the beginning of the compression , temperature $T_1$ = 60 F = 519.67 R

and;

Otto cycle with a pressure = 14.5 lbf/in² = (14.5 × 144 ) lb/ft²

= 2088 lb/ft²

The maximum temperature in the cycle is 5200 R

From the given information; the change in volume is:

$V_1-V_2 = \dfrac{\pi}{4}D^2L$

$V_1-0.16V_1= \dfrac{\pi}{4}(3.7)^2(3.4)$

$V_1-0.16V_1= 36.55714291$

$0.84 V_1 =36.55714291$

$V_1 =\dfrac{36.55714291}{0.84 }$

$V_1 =43.52040823 \ in^3 \\ \\ V_1 = 43.52 \ in^3$

$V_1 = 0.02518 \ ft^3$

the mass in air ( lb) can be determined by using the formula:

$m = \dfrac{P_1V_1}{RT}$

where;

R = 53.3533 ft.lbf/lb.R°

$m = \dfrac{2088 \ lb/ft^2 \times 0.02518 \ ft^3}{53.3533 \ ft .lbf/lb.^0R \times 519 .67 ^0 R}$

m = 0.0018962 lb

From the tables of ideal gas properties at Temperature 519.67 R

$v_{r1} =158.58$

$u_1 = 88.62 Btu/lb$

At state of volume 2; the relative volume can be determined as:

$v_{r2} = v_{r1} \times \dfrac{V_2}{V_1}$

$v_{r2} = 158.58 \times 0.16$

$v_{r2} = 25.3728$

The specific energy $u_2$ at $v_{r2} = 25.3728$ is 184.7 Btu/lb

From the tables of ideal gas properties at maximum Temperature T = 5200 R

$v_{r3} = 0.1828$

$u_3 = 1098 \ Btu/lb$

To determine the relative volume at state 4; we have:

$v_{r4} = v_{r3} \times \dfrac{V_1}{V_2}$

$v_{r4} =0.1828 \times \dfrac{1}{0.16}$

$v_{r4} =1.1425$

The specific energy $u_4$ at $v_{r4} =1.1425$ is 591.84 Btu/lb

Now; the net work per cycle can now be calculated as by using the following formula:

$W_{net} = Heat \ supplied - Heat \ rejected$

$W_{net} = m(u_3-u_2)-m(u_4 - u_1)$

$W_{net} = m(u_3-u_2- u_4 + u_1)$

$W_{net} = m(1098-184.7- 591.84 + 88.62)$

$W_{net} = 0.0018962 \times (1098-184.7- 591.84 + 88.62)$

$W_{net} = 0.0018962 \times (410.08)$

$\mathbf{W_{net} = 0.777593696}$ Btu per cycle

the power developed by the engine, in horsepower. can be calculated as follows;

In the four-cylinder, four-stroke internal combustion engine; the power developed by the engine can be calculated by using the expression:

$W = 4 \times N' \times W_{net$

where ;

$N' = \dfrac{2400}{2}$

N' = 1200 cycles/min

N' = 1200 cycles/60 seconds

N' = 20 cycles/sec

W = 4 × 20 cycles/sec × 0.777593696

W = 62.20749568 Btu/s

W = 88.0144746 hp

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3 years ago

Determine the work input and entropy generation during the compression of steam from 100 kPa to 1 MPa in (a) an adiabatic pump a

Goshia [24]

Answer:

See attachment below

Explanation:

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3 years ago

A cylindrical metal specimen having an original diameter of 12.8 mm and gauge length of 50.80 mm is pulled in tension until frac

Sedaia [141]

Answer:

%Reduction in area = 73.41%

%Reduction in elongation = 42.20%

Explanation:

Given

Original diameter = 12.8 mm

Gauge length = 50.80mm

Diameter at the point of fracture = 6.60 mm (0.260 in.)

Fractured gauge length = 72.14 mm.

%Reduction in Area is given as:

((do/2)² - (d1/2)²)/(do/2)²

Calculating percent reduction in area

do = 12.8mm, d1 = 6.6mm

So,

%RA = ((12.8/2)² - 6.6/2)²)/(12.8/2)²

%RA = 0.734130859375

%RA = 73.41%

Calculating percent reduction in elongation

%Reduction in elongation is given as:

((do) - (d1))/(d1)

do = 72.14mm, d1 = 50.80mm

So,

%RA = ((72.24) - (50.80))/(50.80)

%RA = 0.422047244094488

%RA = 42.20%

3 0

3 years ago