Calculate the atmospheric pressure if the boiling point of water is 81 degrees Celsius.

Seawater is approximately 4.0% by mass dissolved ions, 85% of which are from NaCl. (a) Find the mass % of NaCl in seawater.

I am Lyosha [343]

On average, seawater in the world's oceans has a salinity of ~3.5%. This means that for every 1 litre (1000 mL) of seawater there are 35 grams of salts (mostly, but not entirely, sodium chloride) dissolved in it.

<h3>What is salinity ?</h3>

The saltiness or quantity of dissolved salt in a body of water is known as salinity (see also soil salinity). The standard units of measurement are grams of salt per liter (g/L) or grams per kilogram (g/kg; the latter is dimensionless and equal to ).

Salinity is a thermodynamic state variable that, along with temperature and pressure, controls physical properties like the density and heat capacity of the water. Salinity plays a significant role in determining many aspects of the chemistry of natural waters and of biological processes within them.

An isohaline, or isohale sometimes, is a contour line with a constant salinity.

The concept of salinity in rivers, lakes, and the ocean is straightforward, but it is difficult to define and measure properly on a scientific level.

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3 0

2 years ago

126785033% Divided by 348675948849 = what does it equal

meriva

Answer:

0.00000363618

could be wrong.

double check me someone or just trust me

(don't blame me if you get it wrong)

5 0

3 years ago

Select the correct answer. What energy does a rock resting on a hilltop store? A. gravitational energy B. chemical energy C. the

Colt1911 [192]

Answer:

A.

Explanation:

I chose this because it seems more reasonable . Because its in the air so im guess that its gravitational bc to stay on top of a hill you need balance . Im sorry if its wrong k . I tried .

7 0

3 years ago

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List and explain the four most important factors that control the relative reactivity of a carbonyl-containing functional group

ioda

Resonance, leaving group, carbonyl carbon delta+, and steric effect is the most crucial variables that affect the relative reactivity of a functional group containing a carbonyl in an addition or substitution process.

Discussion:

1. Carbonyl Carbon Delta+: The carbonyl group becomes more electrophilic and accelerates nucleophilic assault when the carbonyl carbon delta+ is bigger.

2. Resonance: When the carbonyl is transformed into the tetrahedral adduct, it may be lost. Loss of resonance increases the energy of the transition state for this nucleophilic assault because resonance has the function of stabilizing. Therefore, a carbonyl functional group's resistance to nucleophilic attack increases as resonance in the group increases in importance.

3. Leaving group: Tetrahedral adduct fragmentation is encouraged by a better LG.

4. Steric effects: The nucleophilic attack on carbonyl carbon is delayed when sterically impeded.

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8 0

1 year ago

A 0.04328 g sample of gas occupies 10.0-mL at 294.0 K and 1.10 atm. Upon further analysis, the compound is found to be 25.305% C

stepan [7]

Answer:

The molecular formula of the gas sample = $C_2Cl_2$

Lewis structure is shown in the image below.

The geometry around each carbon atom is linear.

Explanation:

Given that:

Temperature = 294.0 K

V = 10.0 mL = 0.01 L ( 1 mL = 0.001 L )

Pressure = 1.10 atm

Using ideal gas equation as:

$PV=nRT$

where,

P is the pressure

V is the volume

n is the number of moles

T is the temperature

R is Gas constant having value = 0.0821 L atm/ K mol

Applying the equation as:

1.10 atm × 0.01 L = n ×0.0821 L atm/ K mol × 294.0 K

⇒n = 0.0004557 mol

Given, mass = 0.04328 g

The formula for the calculation of moles is shown below:

$moles = \frac{Mass\ taken}{Molar\ mass}$

Thus,

$0.0004557\ mole= \frac{0.04328\ g}{Molar\ mass}$

Molar mass of the gas sample = 94.9747 g/mol

Given that:-

% of C = 25.305

Molar mass of C = 12.0107 g/mol

% moles of C = 25.305 / 12.0107 = 2.1069

% of Cl = 74.695

Molar mass of Cl = 35.453 g/mol

% moles of Cl = 74.695 / 35.453 = 2.1069

Taking the simplest ratio for C and Cl as:

2.1069 : 2.1069 = 1 : 1

The empirical formula is = $CCl$

Molecular formulas is the actual number of atoms of each element in the compound while empirical formulas is the simplest or reduced ratio of the elements in the compound.

Thus,

Molecular mass = n × Empirical mass

Where, n is any positive number from 1, 2, 3...

Mass from the Empirical formula = 12 + 35.5 = 47.5 g/mol

Molar mass = 94.9747 g/mol

So,

Molecular mass = n × Empirical mass

94.9747 = n × 47.5

⇒ n = 2

The molecular formula of the gas sample = $C_2Cl_2$

Also,

Valence electrons of carbon = 4

Valence electrons of Chlorine = 7

The total number of the valence electrons = 4*2 + 7*2 = 22

The Lewis structure is drawn in such a way that the octet of each atom in the molecule is complete. So,

The Lewis structure is shown in the image below.

According to the theory, the atoms will form a geometry in such a way that there is minimum repulsion and maximum stability. The carbon atoms are sp hybridized.

So, it is of linear shape.

3 0

4 years ago