1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
White raven [17]
3 years ago
5

21.13 The index of refraction of corundum (Al2O3) is anisotropic. Suppose that visible light is passing from one grain to anothe

r of different crystal-lographic orientation and at normal incidence to the grain boundary. Calculate the reflectivity at the boundary if the indices of refraction for the two grains are 1.757 and 1.779 in the direction of light propagation.
Engineering
1 answer:
d1i1m1o1n [39]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

3.87 x 10⁻⁵

Explanation:

Given parameters

normal incidence

refraction index of grain1, n₁ = 1.757

refraction index of grain2, n₂ = 1.779

to calculate reflectivity index between the two grains of different orientation an at normal incidence, we use the relation

R = [\frac{n2 - n1}{n2 + n1} ]^{2}

since the incidence is normal where R, is the index of relativity

R = [\frac{1.779 - 1.757}{1.779 + 1.757} ]^{2}

R = 3.87 x 10⁻⁵

You might be interested in
In the construction of a large reactor pressure vessel, a new steel alloy with a plane strain fracture toughness of 55 MPa-m1/2
sp2606 [1]

Answer:

l=24mm

Explanation:

From the question we are told that:

Plane strain fracture toughness of T=55 MPa-m1/2

Y value Y=1.0

Stress level of\sigma =200 MPa

Generally the equation for length of a surface crack is mathematically given by

l=\frac{1}{\pi}(\frac{T}{Y*\sigma})^2

l=\frac{1}{3.142}(\frac{55}{1*200})^2

l=0.024m

Therefore

in mm

l=24mm

6 0
3 years ago
13. Write a function which is passed two strings. The function creates a new string from the two original strings by copying one
attashe74 [19]

Answer:

I am writing the code in C++. Let me know if you want the program in some other programming language.

#include <iostream>  // includes header file for input output functions

using namespace std;     //to identify objects like cin cout

string CopyStrings(string string1, string string2)  

{   string newString = "";    

   for (int loop = 0; loop < string1.length() ||  

                   loop < string2.length(); loop++)      {      

       if (loop < string1.length())  

           newString += string1[loop];          

       if (loop < string2.length())  

           newString += string2[loop];      }  

   return newString;   }  

int main()  

{   string stringA = "ace";  

   string stringB = "bdf";  

   cout << CopyStrings(stringA, stringB);   }

Output:

abcdef

Explanation:

The function CopyStrings() function takes two strings i.e. string1 and string2 as parameters to copy characters from both the string one character from each.

The newString variable stores the new string after copying characters from both strings string1 and string2.

Then the for loop starts which has a variable loop which is an index variable that traverses through both the strings stored in string1 and string2. The loop continues to execute until it moves through entire length of string1 and string2 which means it copies all the characters from both string1 and string2. length() is used here which returns length of the string1 and string2.

If statement in the for loop checks the character that loop (index) variable is pointing to is less than the string1 length which means it checks each character stored in string1. For example if string1 contains "ace" and loop variable is moving through the string and is currently at "a" then this condition is true. If the condition evaluates to true then the body of if statement is executed. The next statement stores that character a into the newString variable.

Next If statement checks character that loop variable is pointing to is less than the string2 length which means it checks each character stored in string2. For example if string2 contains "bdf" and loop variable is moving through the string and is currently at "b" then this condition is true. If the condition evaluates to true then the body of if statement is executed. The next statement stores that character b into the newString variable.

Then the second iteration starts which again first stores the next character i.e. c from string1 into newString and then stores next character i.e d from string2 into newString.

Then the third iteration starts which again first stores the next character i.e. e from string1 into newString and then stores next character i.e f from string2 into newString.

Then the loop breaks as the loop variable reaches end of both the string1 and string2.

return newString will return the copied string into the output screen which is abcdef.

The screenshot of code along with output is attached.

3 0
3 years ago
A. The ragion was colonized by European powers
alex41 [277]

Answer:

?

Explanation:

3 0
2 years ago
What is an advantage of a nuclear-fission reactor?.
Kobotan [32]

Answer:

Nuclear fission is almost 8,000 times more efficient than traditional fossil fuels at producing energy. That's a lot of energy packed into a small space. Nuclear energy is more efficient, which means it uses less fuel to power the plant and produces less waste.


advantages:
-produces no polluting gases
-does not contribute to global warming
-very low fuel costs
-Low fuel quantity reduces mining and transportation effects on environment
-High technology research required benefits other industries
-Power station has very long lifetime

Disadvantages:
-Waste is radioactive and safe disposal is very difficult and expensive
-Local thermal pollution from wastewater affects marine life
-Large-scale accidents can be catastrophic
-Public perception of nuclear power is negative
-Costs of building and safely decommissioning are very high
-Cannot react quickly to changes in electricity demand

4 0
2 years ago
Two previously undeformed rod-shaped specimens of copper are to be plastically deformed by reducing their cross-sectional areas.
mezya [45]
I am not sure I am stuck on this and I have been for 45 min someone please help me and this girl or boy!!
4 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • Air enters the compressor of an ideal cold air-standard Brayton cycle at 100 kPa, 300 K, with a mass flow rate of 6 kg/s. The co
    11·1 answer
  • Design a stepped-impedance low-pass filter having a cutoff frequency of 3 GHz and a fifth-order 0.5 dB equal-ripple response. As
    9·1 answer
  • Determine the direct runoff and streamflow given the following unit hydrograph. The rainfall is collected at 4-hour intervals an
    14·1 answer
  • 1. A farmer had 752 sheep and took one shot that got them all. How did he do it?
    9·1 answer
  • Define volume flow rate of air flowing in a duct of area A with average velocity V.
    13·1 answer
  • Which of the following justifies the need for an already-certified engineer to continue to take classes?
    15·1 answer
  • Is the MI-24 Hind the most widely exported combat helicopter in the world?
    14·1 answer
  • .If aligned and continuous carbon fibers with a diameter of 6.90 micron are embedded within an epoxy, such that the bond strengt
    11·1 answer
  • Please help me with this. Picture
    5·1 answer
  • Q1-A Lossless transmission line is 80 cm long and operates at a frequency of 500 MHz. Two line parameters are L=0.15μH/m and C=9
    5·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!