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White raven [17]
3 years ago
5

21.13 The index of refraction of corundum (Al2O3) is anisotropic. Suppose that visible light is passing from one grain to anothe

r of different crystal-lographic orientation and at normal incidence to the grain boundary. Calculate the reflectivity at the boundary if the indices of refraction for the two grains are 1.757 and 1.779 in the direction of light propagation.
Engineering
1 answer:
d1i1m1o1n [39]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

3.87 x 10⁻⁵

Explanation:

Given parameters

normal incidence

refraction index of grain1, n₁ = 1.757

refraction index of grain2, n₂ = 1.779

to calculate reflectivity index between the two grains of different orientation an at normal incidence, we use the relation

R = [\frac{n2 - n1}{n2 + n1} ]^{2}

since the incidence is normal where R, is the index of relativity

R = [\frac{1.779 - 1.757}{1.779 + 1.757} ]^{2}

R = 3.87 x 10⁻⁵

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primary consumer because YES

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Which of the followong parts does not rotate during starter operation? A. Commutator segments B. Armature windings c. Field wind
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3 years ago
In which of the following states would homes most likely have the deepest foundation?
Evgen [1.6K]

Answer:

D) Louisiana, to prevent homes from blowing away in hurricanes.

Explanation:

Louisiana is famous for hurricanes i think that if they were well prepared and had deeper foundation the damage may lower by a good lot.

5 0
3 years ago
Oil with a density of 800 kg/m3 is pumped from a pressure of 0.6 bar to a pressure of 1.4 bar, and the outlet is 3 m above the i
Naddik [55]

Answer:

23.3808 kW

20.7088 kW

Explanation:

ρ = Density of oil = 800 kg/m³

P₁ = Initial Pressure = 0.6 bar

P₂ = Final Pressure = 1.4 bar

Q = Volumetric flow rate = 0.2 m³/s

A₁ = Area of inlet = 0.06 m²

A₂ = Area of outlet = 0.03 m²

Velocity through inlet = V₁ = Q/A₁ = 0.2/0.06 = 3.33 m/s

Velocity through outlet = V₂ = Q/A₂ = 0.2/0.03 = 6.67 m/s

Height between inlet and outlet = z₂ - z₁ = 3m

Temperature to remains constant and neglecting any heat transfer we use Bernoulli's equation

\frac {P_1}{\rho g}+\frac{V_1^2}{2g}+z_1+h=\frac {P_2}{\rho g}+\frac{V_2^2}{2g}+z_2\\\Rightarrow h=\frac{P_2-P_1}{\rho g}+\frac{V_2^2-V_1^2}{2g}+z_2-z_1\\\Rightarrow h=\frac{(1.4-0.6)\times 10^5}{800\times 9.81}+\frac{6.67_2^2-3.33^2}{2\times 9.81}+3\\\Rightarrow h=14.896\ m

Work done by pump

W_{p}=\rho gQh\\\Rightarrow W_{p}=800\times 9.81\times 0.2\times 14.896\\\Rightarrow W_{p}=23380.8\ W

∴ Power input to the pump 23.3808 kW

Now neglecting kinetic energy

h=\frac{P_2-P_1}{\rho g}+z_2-z_1\\\Righarrow h=\frac{(1.4-0.6)\times 10^5}{800\times 9.81}+3\\\Righarrow h=13.19\ m\\

Work done by pump

W_{p}=\rho gQh\\\Rightarrow W_{p}=800\times 9.81\times 0.2\times 13.193\\\Rightarrow W_{p}=20708.8\ W

∴ Power input to the pump 20.7088 kW

6 0
3 years ago
Entropy change is evaluated using Eq. 6.2a based on an internally reversible process. Can the entropy change between two states
Vadim26 [7]

Answer:

YES

Explanation:

Entropy is an extensive property of the system entropy change that value of entropy change can be determined for any process between the states whether reversible or not. i have attached the formula to calculate entropy change which is independent of whether the system is reversible or not and can be determined for any process.

4 0
4 years ago
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