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4 years ago

Explain difference(s) between strength, hardness and toughness.

Engineering

1 answer:

harkovskaia [24]4 years ago

4 0

Explanation:

Step1

Strength is the maximum stress induces in the material under applied load condition. More the strength more will be ability to sustain load. Strength can be measured from tensile test. It has same unit as stress. Generally ductile material has more strength as compare to brittle material.

Step2

Hardness is the resistance to scratch on the material under given load condition. More the hardness more will be the resistance towards scratching of material. Hardness can be measured by Rockwell or Birnell hardness test. This property of metal is opposite to the strength.

Step3

Toughness is the ability to absorb energy under given loading condition up to its fracture point. It is a type of strain energy that is stored in the metal. Generally ductile metal has more toughness as compare to brittle.

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Explanation:

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3 years ago

Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 800 psia and9008F and leaves at a pressure of 40 psia. Determine themaximum amount of work

Naily [24]

Answer:

$w_{out}=319.1\frac{BTU}{lbm}$

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, for the inlet stream, from the steam table, the specific enthalpy and entropy are:

$h_1=1456.0\frac{BTU}{lbm} \ \ \ s_1=1.6413\frac{BTU}{lbm*R}$

Next, for the liquid-vapor mixture at the outlet stream we need to compute its quality by taking into account that since the turbine is adiabatic, the entropy remains the same:

$s_2=s_1$

Thus, the liquid and liquid-vapor entropies are included to compute the quality:

$x_2=\frac{s_2-s_f}{s_{fg}}=\frac{1.6313-0.39213}{1.28448}=0.965$

Next, we compute the outlet enthalpy by considering the liquid and liquid-vapor enthalpies:

$h_2=h_f+x_2h_f_g=236.14+0.965*933.69=1136.9\frac{BTU}{lbm}$

Then, by using the first law of thermodynamics, the maximum specific work is computed via:

$h_1=w_{out}+h_2\\\\w_{out}=h_1-h_2=1456.0\frac{BTU}{lbm}-1136.9\frac{BTU}{lbm}\\\\w_{out}=319.1\frac{BTU}{lbm}$

Best regards.

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3 years ago

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