1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
insens350 [35]
3 years ago
6

Why does the large number of hydrogen atoms in the universe suggest that other elements?

Physics
1 answer:
lidiya [134]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

Explanation:

The abundance of the chemical elements is a measure of the occurrence of the chemical elements relative to all other elements in a given environment. Abundance is measured in one of three ways: by the mass-fraction (the same as weight fraction); by the mole-fraction (fraction of atoms by numerical count, or sometimes fraction of molecules in gases); or by the volume-fraction. Volume-fraction is a common abundance measure in mixed gases such as planetary atmospheres, and is similar in value to molecular mole-fraction for gas mixtures at relatively low densities and pressures, and ideal gas mixtures. Most abundance values in this article are given as mass-fractions.

For example, the abundance of oxygen in pure water can be measured in two ways: the mass fraction is about 89%, because that is the fraction of water's mass which is oxygen. However, the mole-fraction is about 33% because only 1 atom of 3 in water, H2O, is oxygen. As another example, looking at the mass-fraction abundance of hydrogen and helium in both the Universe as a whole and in the atmospheres of gas-giant planets such as Jupiter, it is 74% for hydrogen and 23–25% for helium; while the (atomic) mole-fraction for hydrogen is 92%, and for helium is 8%, in these environments. Changing the given environment to Jupiter's outer atmosphere, where hydrogen is diatomic while helium is not, changes the molecular mole-fraction (fraction of total gas molecules), as well as the fraction of atmosphere by volume, of hydrogen to about 86%, and of helium to 13%.[Note 1]

The abundance of chemical elements in the universe is dominated by the large amounts of hydrogen and helium which were produced in the Big Bang. Remaining elements, making up only about 2% of the universe, were largely produced by supernovae and certain red giant stars. Lithium, beryllium and boron are rare because although they are produced by nuclear fusion, they are then destroyed by other reactions in the stars.[1][2] The elements from carbon to iron are relatively more abundant in the universe because of the ease of making them in supernova nucleosynthesis. Elements of higher atomic number than iron (element 26) become progressively rarer in the universe, because they increasingly absorb stellar energy in their production. Also, elements with even atomic numbers are generally more common than their neighbors in the periodic table, due to favorable energetics of formation.

The abundance of elements in the Sun and outer planets is similar to that in the universe. Due to solar heating, the elements of Earth and the inner rocky planets of the Solar System have undergone an additional depletion of volatile hydrogen, helium, neon, nitrogen, and carbon (which volatilizes as methane). The crust, mantle, and core of the Earth show evidence of chemical segregation plus some sequestration by density. Lighter silicates of aluminum are found in the crust, with more magnesium silicate in the mantle, while metallic iron and nickel compose the core. The abundance of elements in specialized environments, such as atmospheres, or oceans, or the human body, are primarily a product of chemical interactions with the medium in which they reside.

You might be interested in
2. Compare and Contrast A fault cuts through
Elenna [48]

Explanation:

The principle of cross-cutting relationships states that a fault or intrusion is younger than the rocks that it cuts through. The fault labeled "E" cuts through all three sedimentary rock layers (A, B,and C) and also cuts through the intrusion (D). So the fault must be the youngest formation that is seen and known of.

6 0
2 years ago
On the Moon, the acceleration due to the effect of gravity is only about 1/6 of that on Earth. An astronaut whose weight on Eart
vazorg [7]
And on the moon, the with is 595/6 N
3 0
3 years ago
I need help with this please
Firdavs [7]
C is the answer to the question
6 0
3 years ago
1. A kangaroo hops 84 m to the east in 7 seconds.
DENIUS [597]

Explanation:

Given parameters:

Distance hopped  = 84m

Displacement  = 84m due east

Time  = 7s

Unknown:

Speed of kangaroo  = ?

Velocity of kangaroo  = ?

Solution:

To solve this problem,

    Speed  = \frac{distance}{time }   = \frac{84}{7}  = 12m/s

  Velocity  = \frac{displacement}{time}   = \frac{84}{7}   = 12m/s due east

3 0
3 years ago
How to use kinetic energy to calculate velocity
BartSMP [9]

As we know the formula of kinetic energy is

KE = \frac{1}{2} mv^2

here given that

KE = 150,000 J

mass = 120 kg

we can use this to find speed

150,000 = \frac{1}{2} * 120 * v^2

v^2 = 2500

v = 50 m/s

So speed of above object is 50 m/s

7 0
2 years ago
Other questions:
  • A .5 kg air puck moves to the right at 3 m/s, colliding with a 1.5kg air puck that is moving to the left at 1.5 m/s.
    13·1 answer
  • Which of the following statements is TRUE?
    9·2 answers
  • A rigid layer that lies outside the cell’s membrane is
    12·1 answer
  • A flagpole consists of a flexible, 7.107.10 m tall fiberglass pole planted in concrete. The bottom end of the flagpole is fixed
    15·1 answer
  • I need help with air resistance...
    15·1 answer
  • What intitial action is the reason behind beginning a scientific investigation
    7·1 answer
  • What adaptation in frogs enables them to swim​
    13·2 answers
  • How many calories are absorbed by a pot of water with a mass of 500g in order to raise the temperature from 20c to 30c?
    7·1 answer
  • What is the nucleus of the atom
    14·2 answers
  • Plz help owo
    15·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!