Answer:
Abiotic
Explanation:
The non living factors of the ecosystem which is essential for the survival of living factors of the ecosystem are abiotic factors.
Examples for abiotic factors include temperature, sunlight, water, wind etc....
<u>Explanation</u>:
Resistivity of silver wire =
Resistivity of copper wire = 
Resistance = Resistivity *length/cross sectional area

So,

For E calculation
For copper
E = resistivity * current density
E = Resistivity * current/area

For silver

Potential difference 
For silver
Potential difference = 
For copper
Potential difference =
Answer:
The magnitude of electrostatic force on each charge is quarter of the magnitude of initial electrostatic force. ( ¹/₄ F)
Explanation:
The electrostatic force between two charges is given by Coulomb's law;

where;
Q₁ and Q₂ are the magnitude of the charges
r is the distance between the charges
k is Coulomb's constant
Since the charges are identical;
Q₁ = Q
Q₂ = Q
the electrostatic force experienced by each charge is given by;

When each of the spheres has lost half of its initial charge;
Q₁ = Q/2
Q₂ = Q/2

Therefore, the magnitude of electrostatic force on each charge is quarter of the magnitude of initial electrostatic force.
A: makes work easier to do.
Answer:
load
a generator, a light bulb (load) and a closed switch
Explanation:
as explained in the other question, the fan is using generated electric energy to create mechanical movement. as such it is a load on the grid or circuit or net.
and electric power can only flow, if there is a closed (uninterupted) circuit from the power source to a load and back.
any open switch is an interruption of the circuit.
a buzzer is a kind of switch. it closes the circuit (and puts a load on) only when somebody presses it.
by the way, a closed circuit without a load will "destroy" (short circuit) the power source or at least the wires (burn through).